Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-08-12 20:13:01 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-01-19 17:31:54 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000838 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Pectin |
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Description | Pectin, also known as galacturonate or D-lyxose, is a structural acidic heteropolysaccharide contained in the primary and middle lamella and cell walls of terrestrial plants. Its main component is galacturonic acid, a sugar acid derived from galactose. It was first isolated and described in 1825 by Henri Braconnot. It is produced commercially as a white to light brown powder, mainly extracted from citrus fruits, and is used in food as a gelling agent, particularly in jams and jellies. It is also used in dessert fillings, medicines, sweets, as a stabiliser in fruit juices and milk drinks, and as a source of dietary fibre. In plant biology, pectin consists of a complex set of polysaccharides (see below) that are present in most primary cell walls and are particularly abundant in the non-woody parts of terrestrial plants. Pectin is a major component of the middle lamella, where it helps to bind cells together, but is also found in primary cell walls. Pectin is deposited by exocytosis into the cell wall via vesicles produced in the golgi. Pectin is a natural part of the human diet, but does not contribute significantly to nutrition. The daily intake of pectin from fruits and vegetables can be estimated to be around 5g if approximately 500g of fruits and vegetables are consumed per day. |
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Structure | O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11)/t1-,2+,3+,4-,6+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(+)-Xylose | HMDB | 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentanal | HMDB | D-Lyxose | HMDB | DL-Xylose | HMDB | L(+)-Xylose | HMDB | L-Lyxose | HMDB | Lyxose | HMDB | Pectin sugar | HMDB | Pectinose | HMDB | Pentose | HMDB | Trobicin | HMDB | Pectinic acid | HMDB | Calcium pectinate | HMDB | Methoxy pectin | HMDB | Methoxylpectin | HMDB | Methoxypectin | HMDB | Zinc pectinate | HMDB | Galacturonate | HMDB | b-D-Galacturonate | HMDB | b-D-Galacturonic acid | HMDB | beta-D-Galacturonate | HMDB | Β-D-galacturonate | HMDB | Β-D-galacturonic acid | HMDB | b-D-Galactopyranuronate | HMDB | b-D-Galactopyranuronic acid | HMDB | beta-D-Galactopyranuronate | HMDB | Β-D-galactopyranuronate | HMDB | Β-D-galactopyranuronic acid | HMDB | Pectin | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C6H10O7 |
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Average Mass | 194.1394 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 194.04265 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid |
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Traditional Name | β-D-galactopyranuronic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 9000-69-5 |
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SMILES | O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H10O7/c7-1-2(8)4(5(10)11)13-6(12)3(1)9/h1-4,6-9,12H,(H,10,11)/t1-,2+,3+,4-,6+/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | AEMOLEFTQBMNLQ-DTEWXJGMSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-07-18 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-01-19 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, simulated) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glucuronic acid derivatives. Glucuronic acid derivatives are compounds containing a glucuronic acid moiety (or a derivative), which consists of a glucose moiety with the C6 carbon oxidized to a carboxylic acid. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | Glucuronic acid derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Glucuronic acid or derivatives
- Beta-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Pyran
- Monosaccharide
- Oxane
- Hemiacetal
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Polyol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Andoh A, Bamba T, Sasaki M: Physiological and anti-inflammatory roles of dietary fiber and butyrate in intestinal functions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1999 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl):S70-3. [PubMed:10483900 ]
- Fleming SE, Marthinsen D, Kuhnlein H: Colonic function and fermentation in men consuming high fiber diets. J Nutr. 1983 Dec;113(12):2535-44. [PubMed:6317826 ]
- Lewinska D, Rosinski S, Piatkiewicz W: A new pectin-based material for selective LDL-cholesterol removal. Artif Organs. 1994 Mar;18(3):217-22. [PubMed:8185488 ]
- Kelsay JL, Goering HK, Behall KM, Prather ES: Effect of fiber from fruits and vegetables on metabolic responses of human subjects: fiber intakes, fecal excretions, and apparent digestibilities. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Sep;34(9):1849-52. [PubMed:6269418 ]
- Baig MM, Cerda JJ: Pectin: its interaction with serum lipoproteins. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981 Jan;34(1):50-3. [PubMed:7446458 ]
- Lairon D, Lafont H, Vigne JL, Nalbone G, Leonardi J, Hauton JC: Effects of dietary fibers and cholestyramine on the activity of pancreatic lipase in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985 Oct;42(4):629-38. [PubMed:2996326 ]
- Miettinen TA, Tarpila S: Effect of pectin on serum cholesterol, fecal bile acids and biliary lipids in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic individuals. Clin Chim Acta. 1977 Sep 1;79(2):471-7. [PubMed:890983 ]
- Bosaeus I, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Andersson H: Effect of wheat bran and pectin on bile acid and cholesterol excretion in ileostomy patients. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1986 Nov;40(6):429-40. [PubMed:3025137 ]
- Fan TY, Feng QQ, Jia CR, Fan Q, Li CA, Bai XL: Protective effect of Weikang decoction and partial ingredients on model rat with gastric mucosa ulcer. World J Gastroenterol. 2005 Feb 28;11(8):1204-9. [PubMed:15754406 ]
- Levy MC, Edwards-Levy F: Coating alginate beads with cross-linked biopolymers: a novel method based on a transacylation reaction. J Microencapsul. 1996 Mar-Apr;13(2):169-83. [PubMed:8999122 ]
- Veldman FJ, Nair CH, Vorster HH, Vermaak WJ, Jerling JC, Oosthuizen W, Venter CS: Possible mechanisms through which dietary pectin influences fibrin network architecture in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Thromb Res. 1999 Mar 15;93(6):253-64. [PubMed:10093966 ]
- Mall AK, Misra V, Santeshwari, Pathak AD, Srivastava S: Sugar Beet Cultivation in India: Prospects for Bio-Ethanol Production and Value-Added Co-Products. Sugar Tech. 2021 Jul 7:1-17. doi: 10.1007/s12355-021-01007-0. [PubMed:34248307 ]
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