Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2005-11-20 22:13:30 UTC
Updated at2021-10-07 20:42:37 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000819
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameProgesterone
DescriptionThe major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the corpus luteum and the placenta. Progesterone acts on the uterus, the mammary glands and the brain. It is required in embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for milk production. Progesterone, converted from pregnenolone, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal corticosteroids. Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. Progesterone is found to be associated with pregnene hydroxylation deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(S)-4-Pregnene-3,20-dioneChEBI
(S)-Pregn-4-en-3,20-dioneChEBI
(S)-ProgesteroneChEBI
17alpha-ProgesteroneChEBI
4-Pregnene-3,20-dioneChEBI
AgolutinChEBI
AkrolutinChEBI
Corpus luteum hormoneChEBI
CrinoneChEBI
Delta(4)-Pregnene-3,20-dioneChEBI
GelbkoerperhormonChEBI
LuteohormoneChEBI
ProgesteronChEBI
PrometriumKegg
17a-ProgesteroneGenerator
17Α-progesteroneGenerator
Δ(4)-pregnene-3,20-dioneGenerator
3,20-Pregnene-4HMDB
4-Pregnen-3,20-dioneHMDB
beta-ProgesteroneHMDB
Bio-lutonHMDB
CIDRHMDB
ColprosteroneHMDB
CorlutinHMDB
CorlutinaHMDB
CorluviteHMDB
CorporinHMDB
Crinone progesterone gelHMDB
CurretabHMDB
CyclogestHMDB
CyclogesterinHMDB
D4-Pregnene-3,20-dioneHMDB
DelalutinHMDB
DuraprogenHMDB
EstimaHMDB
FlavolutanHMDB
FologenonHMDB
GesterolHMDB
Gesterol 100HMDB
Gesterol 50HMDB
GestironHMDB
GestoneHMDB
GestormoneHMDB
GestronHMDB
GlanducorpinHMDB
GynlutinHMDB
GynolutonHMDB
GynolutoneHMDB
HormoflaveineHMDB
HormolutonHMDB
Hydroxyprogesterone caproateHMDB
Hydroxyprogesterone caproic acidHMDB
LingusorbsHMDB
Lipo-lutinHMDB
LucorteumHMDB
Lucorteum solHMDB
LugesteronHMDB
Luteal hormoneHMDB
Luteocrin normaleHMDB
LuteodynHMDB
LuteoganHMDB
LuteolHMDB
LuteopurHMDB
LuteosanHMDB
LuteostabHMDB
LuteovisHMDB
LuteumHMDB
LutexHMDB
LutidonHMDB
LutociclinaHMDB
Lutocuclin mHMDB
LutocyclinHMDB
Lutocyclin mHMDB
LutocylinHMDB
LutocylolHMDB
LutoformHMDB
LutogylHMDB
LutrenHMDB
LutromoneHMDB
MembrettesHMDB
MethylpregnoneHMDB
MPAHMDB
NalutronHMDB
PercutacrineHMDB
Percutacrine luteiniqueHMDB
PiapononHMDB
PranoneHMDB
Pregn-4-en-3,20-dioneHMDB
Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dioneHMDB
Pregnene-3,20-dioneHMDB
PregnenedioneHMDB
PrimolutHMDB
ProchieveHMDB
ProgeffikHMDB
ProgekanHMDB
ProgestanHMDB
ProgestasertHMDB
ProgesterolHMDB
ProgesteronumHMDB
ProgestinHMDB
ProgestogelHMDB
ProgestolHMDB
ProgestonHMDB
ProgestoneHMDB
ProgestosolHMDB
ProgestronHMDB
ProgestronolHMDB
ProjestajectHMDB
ProletsHMDB
ProlidonHMDB
ProlutinHMDB
ProlutonHMDB
ProlutoneHMDB
ProntogestHMDB
ProtormoneHMDB
SyngesteroneHMDB
SyngestretsHMDB
Synovex SHMDB
SyntolutanHMDB
UtrogestHMDB
UtrogestanHMDB
VitarrineHMDB
Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-isomerHMDB
Progesterone, (17 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-isomerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC21H30O2
Average Mass314.4617 Da
Monoisotopic Mass314.22458 Da
IUPAC Name(1S,2R,10S,11S,14S,15S)-14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one
Traditional Name(1S,2R,10S,11S,14S,15S)-14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one
CAS Registry Number57-83-0
SMILES
[H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h12,16-19H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1
InChI KeyRJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Abedus herbertiLOTUS Database
Allium cepaKNApSAcK Database
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Arabidopsis thalianaKNApSAcK Database
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Cota palaestinaLOTUS Database
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Holarrhena floribundaKNApSAcK Database
Jacobaea argunensisLOTUS Database
Juglans regiaLOTUS Database
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Ligusticum chuanxiongKNApSAcK Database
Lonicera japonicaLOTUS Database
Malus domesticaKNApSAcK Database
Malus pumilaFooDB
Mangifera indicaLOTUS Database
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Mus musculusLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Oryza sativaKNApSAcK Database
Ovis ariesFooDB
Phaseolus angularisKNApSAcK Database
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Pisum sativumKNApSAcK Database
Platypodium elegansLOTUS Database
Reseda luteolaLOTUS Database
Solanum lycopersicumKNApSAcK Database
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum tuberosumKNApSAcK Database
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Vigna angularisFooDB
Vigna radiataKNApSAcK Database
Vitex agnus-castusLOTUS Database
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Homo sapiensKNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassPregnane steroids
Direct ParentGluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Progestogin-skeleton
  • 20-oxosteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid
  • Delta-4-steroid
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Ketone
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point121 °CNot Available
Boiling Point645.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility0.0088 mg/mL at 25 °CYalkowsky, S. H., & Dannenfelser, R. M. (1992). Aquasol database of aqueous solubility. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 189.
LogP3.87Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995).
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0055 g/LALOGPS
logP3.58ALOGPS
logP4.15ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)18.92ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area34.14 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity92.71 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability37.26 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0001830
DrugBank IDDB00396
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB001871
KNApSAcK IDC00034649
Chemspider ID5773
KEGG Compound IDC00410
BioCyc IDPROGESTERONE
BiGG ID34898
Wikipedia LinkProgesterone
METLIN ID402
PubChem Compound5994
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17026
Good Scents IDrw1588441
References
General References
  1. Pierson-Mullany LK, Lange CA: Phosphorylation of progesterone receptor serine 400 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional activity in response to activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(24):10542-57. [PubMed:15572662 ]
  2. Callaghan MJ, Russell AJ, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Sutherland RL, Watts CK: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Oncogene. 1998 Dec 31;17(26):3479-91. [PubMed:10030672 ]
  3. Schwarz S, Pohl P: Steroid hormones and steroid hormone binding globulins in cerebrospinal fluid studied in individuals with intact and with disturbed blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Neuroendocrinology. 1992 Feb;55(2):174-82. [PubMed:1620285 ]
  4. Afsar NA, Barakzai Q, Adil SN: Effect of a 'progestin only' contraceptive on platelet aggregation in a Pakistani set of population. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2005 Jul-Sep;17(3):21-5. [PubMed:16320790 ]
  5. Moguilewsky M, Tournemine C: The antiandrogen anandron potentiates the castrating effect of the LH-RH agonist buserelin in the rat. Am J Clin Oncol. 1988;11 Suppl 2:S148-51. [PubMed:3149454 ]
  6. Wang C, Swerdloff RS: Male hormonal contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;190(4 Suppl):S60-8. [PubMed:15105800 ]
  7. Landi N, Manfredini D, Lombardi I, Casarosa E, Bosco M: 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone serum levels in temporomandibular disorder patients. Minerva Stomatol. 2004 Nov-Dec;53(11-12):651-60. [PubMed:15894940 ]
  8. Classen-Linke I, Alfer J, Krusche CA, Chwalisz K, Rath W, Beier HM: Progestins, progesterone receptor modulators, and progesterone antagonists change VEGF release of endometrial cells in culture. Steroids. 2000 Oct-Nov;65(10-11):763-71. [PubMed:11108887 ]
  9. Casey ML, MacDonald PC, Andersson S: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2: chromosomal assignment and progestin regulation of gene expression in human endometrium. J Clin Invest. 1994 Nov;94(5):2135-41. [PubMed:7962560 ]
  10. Lueprasitsakul P, Longcope C: Aromatase activity of human adipose tissue stromal cells: effects of thyroid hormones and progestogens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1990 Sep;194(4):337-41. [PubMed:2167478 ]
  11. Kaaks R, Berrino F, Key T, Rinaldi S, Dossus L, Biessy C, Secreto G, Amiano P, Bingham S, Boeing H, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Chang-Claude J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fournier A, van Gils CH, Gonzalez CA, Gurrea AB, Critselis E, Khaw KT, Krogh V, Lahmann PH, Nagel G, Olsen A, Onland-Moret NC, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Peeters P, Quiros JR, Roddam A, Thiebaut A, Tjonneland A, Chirlaque MD, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Vineis P, Norat T, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Riboli E: Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 May 18;97(10):755-65. [PubMed:15900045 ]
  12. Oliveira RL, Aldrighi JM, Gebara OE, Rocha TR, D'Amico E, Rosano GM, Ramires JA: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy increases plasmatic thromboxane beta 2. Int J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 30;99(3):449-54. [PubMed:15771927 ]
  13. Magee JA, Chang LW, Stormo GD, Milbrandt J: Direct, androgen receptor-mediated regulation of the FKBP5 gene via a distal enhancer element. Endocrinology. 2006 Jan;147(1):590-8. Epub 2005 Oct 6. [PubMed:16210365 ]
  14. Baum LW: Sex, hormones, and Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Jun;60(6):736-43. [PubMed:15983176 ]
  15. Seibert B, Gunzel P: Animal toxicity studies performed for risk assessment of the once-a-month injectable contraceptive Mesigyna. Contraception. 1994 Apr;49(4):303-33. [PubMed:8013217 ]
  16. Payer AF, Meyer WJ 3rd, Walker PA: The ultrastructural response of human Leydig cells to exogenous estrogens. Andrologia. 1979;11(6):423-36. [PubMed:532984 ]
  17. Hould FS, Fried GM, Fazekas AG, Tremblay S, Mersereau WA: Progesterone receptors regulate gallbladder motility. J Surg Res. 1988 Dec;45(6):505-12. [PubMed:3184927 ]
  18. Allen WM: Progesterone: how did the name originate? South Med J. 1970 Oct;63(10):1151-5. [PubMed:4922128 ]
  19. Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Robert F, Carelli C, Gago N, Ghoumari A, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Gonzalez SL, Ibanez C, Labombarda F, Coirini H, Baulieu EE, De Nicola AF: Local synthesis and dual actions of progesterone in the nervous system: neuroprotection and myelination. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2004 Jun;14 Suppl A:S18-33. [PubMed:15135772 ]
  20. Allen WM: THE ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE PROGESTIN. Science. 1935 Aug 2;82(2118):89-93. [PubMed:17747122 ]