Record Information |
---|
Version | 2.0 |
---|
Created at | 2005-11-20 22:13:30 UTC |
---|
Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:42:37 UTC |
---|
NP-MRD ID | NP0000819 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
---|
Natural Product Identification |
---|
Common Name | Progesterone |
---|
Description | The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the corpus luteum and the placenta. Progesterone acts on the uterus, the mammary glands and the brain. It is required in embryo implantation, pregnancy maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for milk production. Progesterone, converted from pregnenolone, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of gonadal steroid hormones and adrenal corticosteroids. Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. Progesterone belongs to a class of hormones called progestagens, and is the major naturally occurring human progestagen. During implantation and gestation, progesterone appears to decrease the maternal immune response to allow for the acceptance of the pregnancy. Progesterone decreases contractility of the uterine smooth muscle. The fetus metabolizes placental progesterone in the production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A drop in progesterone levels is possibly one step that facilitates the onset of labor. In addition progesterone inhibits lactation during pregnancy. The fall in progesterone levels following delivery is one of the triggers for milk production. Progesterone is found to be associated with pregnene hydroxylation deficiency, which is an inborn error of metabolism. |
---|
Structure | [H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h12,16-19H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
(S)-4-Pregnene-3,20-dione | ChEBI | (S)-Pregn-4-en-3,20-dione | ChEBI | (S)-Progesterone | ChEBI | 17alpha-Progesterone | ChEBI | 4-Pregnene-3,20-dione | ChEBI | Agolutin | ChEBI | Akrolutin | ChEBI | Corpus luteum hormone | ChEBI | Crinone | ChEBI | Delta(4)-Pregnene-3,20-dione | ChEBI | Gelbkoerperhormon | ChEBI | Luteohormone | ChEBI | Progesteron | ChEBI | Prometrium | Kegg | 17a-Progesterone | Generator | 17Α-progesterone | Generator | Δ(4)-pregnene-3,20-dione | Generator | 3,20-Pregnene-4 | HMDB | 4-Pregnen-3,20-dione | HMDB | beta-Progesterone | HMDB | Bio-luton | HMDB | CIDR | HMDB | Colprosterone | HMDB | Corlutin | HMDB | Corlutina | HMDB | Corluvite | HMDB | Corporin | HMDB | Crinone progesterone gel | HMDB | Curretab | HMDB | Cyclogest | HMDB | Cyclogesterin | HMDB | D4-Pregnene-3,20-dione | HMDB | Delalutin | HMDB | Duraprogen | HMDB | Estima | HMDB | Flavolutan | HMDB | Fologenon | HMDB | Gesterol | HMDB | Gesterol 100 | HMDB | Gesterol 50 | HMDB | Gestiron | HMDB | Gestone | HMDB | Gestormone | HMDB | Gestron | HMDB | Glanducorpin | HMDB | Gynlutin | HMDB | Gynoluton | HMDB | Gynolutone | HMDB | Hormoflaveine | HMDB | Hormoluton | HMDB | Hydroxyprogesterone caproate | HMDB | Hydroxyprogesterone caproic acid | HMDB | Lingusorbs | HMDB | Lipo-lutin | HMDB | Lucorteum | HMDB | Lucorteum sol | HMDB | Lugesteron | HMDB | Luteal hormone | HMDB | Luteocrin normale | HMDB | Luteodyn | HMDB | Luteogan | HMDB | Luteol | HMDB | Luteopur | HMDB | Luteosan | HMDB | Luteostab | HMDB | Luteovis | HMDB | Luteum | HMDB | Lutex | HMDB | Lutidon | HMDB | Lutociclina | HMDB | Lutocuclin m | HMDB | Lutocyclin | HMDB | Lutocyclin m | HMDB | Lutocylin | HMDB | Lutocylol | HMDB | Lutoform | HMDB | Lutogyl | HMDB | Lutren | HMDB | Lutromone | HMDB | Membrettes | HMDB | Methylpregnone | HMDB | MPA | HMDB | Nalutron | HMDB | Percutacrine | HMDB | Percutacrine luteinique | HMDB | Piaponon | HMDB | Pranone | HMDB | Pregn-4-en-3,20-dione | HMDB | Pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione | HMDB | Pregnene-3,20-dione | HMDB | Pregnenedione | HMDB | Primolut | HMDB | Prochieve | HMDB | Progeffik | HMDB | Progekan | HMDB | Progestan | HMDB | Progestasert | HMDB | Progesterol | HMDB | Progesteronum | HMDB | Progestin | HMDB | Progestogel | HMDB | Progestol | HMDB | Progeston | HMDB | Progestone | HMDB | Progestosol | HMDB | Progestron | HMDB | Progestronol | HMDB | Projestaject | HMDB | Prolets | HMDB | Prolidon | HMDB | Prolutin | HMDB | Proluton | HMDB | Prolutone | HMDB | Prontogest | HMDB | Protormone | HMDB | Syngesterone | HMDB | Syngestrets | HMDB | Synovex S | HMDB | Syntolutan | HMDB | Utrogest | HMDB | Utrogestan | HMDB | Vitarrine | HMDB | Progesterone, (13 alpha,17 alpha)-(+-)-isomer | HMDB | Progesterone, (17 alpha)-isomer | HMDB | Progesterone, (9 beta,10 alpha)-isomer | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C21H30O2 |
---|
Average Mass | 314.4617 Da |
---|
Monoisotopic Mass | 314.22458 Da |
---|
IUPAC Name | (1S,2R,10S,11S,14S,15S)-14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one |
---|
Traditional Name | (1S,2R,10S,11S,14S,15S)-14-acetyl-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-en-5-one |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 57-83-0 |
---|
SMILES | [H][C@@]12CC[C@H](C(C)=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C21H30O2/c1-13(22)17-6-7-18-16-5-4-14-12-15(23)8-10-20(14,2)19(16)9-11-21(17,18)3/h12,16-19H,4-11H2,1-3H3/t16-,17+,18-,19-,20-,21+/m0/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | RJKFOVLPORLFTN-LEKSSAKUSA-N |
---|
Experimental Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
---|
|
| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
---|
|
| Not Available | Species |
---|
Species of Origin | |
---|
Species Where Detected | |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
---|
Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Pregnane steroids |
---|
Direct Parent | Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Progestogin-skeleton
- 20-oxosteroid
- Oxosteroid
- 3-oxosteroid
- 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid
- Delta-4-steroid
- Cyclohexenone
- Cyclic ketone
- Ketone
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 121 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 645.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.0088 mg/mL at 25 °C | Yalkowsky, S. H., & Dannenfelser, R. M. (1992). Aquasol database of aqueous solubility. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 189. | LogP | 3.87 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
General References | - Pierson-Mullany LK, Lange CA: Phosphorylation of progesterone receptor serine 400 mediates ligand-independent transcriptional activity in response to activation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2. Mol Cell Biol. 2004 Dec;24(24):10542-57. [PubMed:15572662 ]
- Callaghan MJ, Russell AJ, Woollatt E, Sutherland GR, Sutherland RL, Watts CK: Identification of a human HECT family protein with homology to the Drosophila tumor suppressor gene hyperplastic discs. Oncogene. 1998 Dec 31;17(26):3479-91. [PubMed:10030672 ]
- Schwarz S, Pohl P: Steroid hormones and steroid hormone binding globulins in cerebrospinal fluid studied in individuals with intact and with disturbed blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Neuroendocrinology. 1992 Feb;55(2):174-82. [PubMed:1620285 ]
- Afsar NA, Barakzai Q, Adil SN: Effect of a 'progestin only' contraceptive on platelet aggregation in a Pakistani set of population. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2005 Jul-Sep;17(3):21-5. [PubMed:16320790 ]
- Moguilewsky M, Tournemine C: The antiandrogen anandron potentiates the castrating effect of the LH-RH agonist buserelin in the rat. Am J Clin Oncol. 1988;11 Suppl 2:S148-51. [PubMed:3149454 ]
- Wang C, Swerdloff RS: Male hormonal contraception. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Apr;190(4 Suppl):S60-8. [PubMed:15105800 ]
- Landi N, Manfredini D, Lombardi I, Casarosa E, Bosco M: 17-beta-estradiol and progesterone serum levels in temporomandibular disorder patients. Minerva Stomatol. 2004 Nov-Dec;53(11-12):651-60. [PubMed:15894940 ]
- Classen-Linke I, Alfer J, Krusche CA, Chwalisz K, Rath W, Beier HM: Progestins, progesterone receptor modulators, and progesterone antagonists change VEGF release of endometrial cells in culture. Steroids. 2000 Oct-Nov;65(10-11):763-71. [PubMed:11108887 ]
- Casey ML, MacDonald PC, Andersson S: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2: chromosomal assignment and progestin regulation of gene expression in human endometrium. J Clin Invest. 1994 Nov;94(5):2135-41. [PubMed:7962560 ]
- Lueprasitsakul P, Longcope C: Aromatase activity of human adipose tissue stromal cells: effects of thyroid hormones and progestogens. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1990 Sep;194(4):337-41. [PubMed:2167478 ]
- Kaaks R, Berrino F, Key T, Rinaldi S, Dossus L, Biessy C, Secreto G, Amiano P, Bingham S, Boeing H, Bueno de Mesquita HB, Chang-Claude J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fournier A, van Gils CH, Gonzalez CA, Gurrea AB, Critselis E, Khaw KT, Krogh V, Lahmann PH, Nagel G, Olsen A, Onland-Moret NC, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Peeters P, Quiros JR, Roddam A, Thiebaut A, Tjonneland A, Chirlaque MD, Trichopoulou A, Trichopoulos D, Tumino R, Vineis P, Norat T, Ferrari P, Slimani N, Riboli E: Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2005 May 18;97(10):755-65. [PubMed:15900045 ]
- Oliveira RL, Aldrighi JM, Gebara OE, Rocha TR, D'Amico E, Rosano GM, Ramires JA: Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy increases plasmatic thromboxane beta 2. Int J Cardiol. 2005 Mar 30;99(3):449-54. [PubMed:15771927 ]
- Magee JA, Chang LW, Stormo GD, Milbrandt J: Direct, androgen receptor-mediated regulation of the FKBP5 gene via a distal enhancer element. Endocrinology. 2006 Jan;147(1):590-8. Epub 2005 Oct 6. [PubMed:16210365 ]
- Baum LW: Sex, hormones, and Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2005 Jun;60(6):736-43. [PubMed:15983176 ]
- Seibert B, Gunzel P: Animal toxicity studies performed for risk assessment of the once-a-month injectable contraceptive Mesigyna. Contraception. 1994 Apr;49(4):303-33. [PubMed:8013217 ]
- Payer AF, Meyer WJ 3rd, Walker PA: The ultrastructural response of human Leydig cells to exogenous estrogens. Andrologia. 1979;11(6):423-36. [PubMed:532984 ]
- Hould FS, Fried GM, Fazekas AG, Tremblay S, Mersereau WA: Progesterone receptors regulate gallbladder motility. J Surg Res. 1988 Dec;45(6):505-12. [PubMed:3184927 ]
- Allen WM: Progesterone: how did the name originate? South Med J. 1970 Oct;63(10):1151-5. [PubMed:4922128 ]
- Schumacher M, Guennoun R, Robert F, Carelli C, Gago N, Ghoumari A, Gonzalez Deniselle MC, Gonzalez SL, Ibanez C, Labombarda F, Coirini H, Baulieu EE, De Nicola AF: Local synthesis and dual actions of progesterone in the nervous system: neuroprotection and myelination. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2004 Jun;14 Suppl A:S18-33. [PubMed:15135772 ]
- Allen WM: THE ISOLATION OF CRYSTALLINE PROGESTIN. Science. 1935 Aug 2;82(2118):89-93. [PubMed:17747122 ]
|
---|