Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:40:12 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000780 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 4-Nitrophenol |
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Description | 4-Nitrophenol (also called p-nitrophenol or 4-hydroxynitrobenzene) is a phenolic compound that has a nitro group at the opposite position of the hydroxyl group on the benzene ring. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitrophenols. Nitrophenols are compounds containing a nitrophenol moiety, which consists of a benzene ring bearing both a hydroxyl group and a nitro group on two different ring carbon atoms. 4-Nitrophenol shows two polymorphs in the crystalline state. The alpha-form is colorless pillars, unstable at room temperature, and stable toward sunlight. The beta-form is yellow pillars, stable at room temperature, and gradually turns red upon irradiation of sunlight. Usually 4-nitrophenol exists as a mixture of these two forms. 4-Nitrophenol can be used as a pH indicator and as an intermediate in the synthesis of paracetamol. Itis also used as the precursor for the preparation of phenetidine and acetophenetidine, indicators, and raw materials for fungicides. Bioaccumulation of this compound rarely occurs. In peptide synthesis, carboxylate ester derivatives of 4-nitrophenol may serve as activated components for construction of amide moieties. 4-Nitrophenol is a potentially toxic compound: It can cause eyes, skin, and respiratory tract irritations. It may also cause inflammation of those parts. It has a delayed interaction with blood and forms methaemoglobin which is responsible for methemoglobinemia -which is characterized by tissue hypoxia, as methemoglobin cannot bind oxygen-, potentially causing cyanosis, confusion, and unconsciousness. When ingested, it causes abdominal pain and vomiting. Prolonged contact with skin may cause allergic response. Genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of 4-nitrophenol are not known. The LD50 in mice is 282 mg/kg and in rats is 202 mg/kg. Outside of the human body, 4-Nitrophenol has been detected, but not quantified in cow milk. Conjugates are more polar than the parent compounds and therefore are easier to excrete in the urine. |
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Structure | OC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O InChI=1S/C6H5NO3/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-Hydroxynitrobenzene | ChEBI | Niphen | ChEBI | p-Hydroxynitrobenzene | ChEBI | p-Nitrophenol | ChEBI | Paranitrophenol | ChEBI | PNP | ChEBI | Mononitrophenol | HMDB | 1-Hydroxy-4-nitrobenzene | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, (18)O-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, 1-(13)C-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, manganese (2+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, silver(2+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, sodium salt, (2:1), dihydrate | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, tin (4+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, 2,6-(13)C2-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, 2-(14)C-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, copper(1+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, potassium salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, tin (2+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, 14C-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, ammonium salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, ion(1-) | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, ion(1-) hydride | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, sodium salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, 2,6-(14)C2-labeled CPD | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, aluminum salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, cesium salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, iron(3+) salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, lithium salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, manganese salt | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol, zinc salt | HMDB | 4-Hydroxy-1-nitrobenzene | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenolate | HMDB | 4-Nitrophenol | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C6H5NO3 |
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Average Mass | 139.1088 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 139.02694 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 4-nitrophenol |
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Traditional Name | P-nitrophenol |
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CAS Registry Number | 100-02-7 |
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SMILES | OC1=CC=C(C=C1)[N+]([O-])=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H5NO3/c8-6-3-1-5(2-4-6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H |
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InChI Key | BTJIUGUIPKRLHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as nitrophenols. Nitrophenols are compounds containing a nitrophenol moiety, which consists of a benzene ring bearing both a hydroxyl group and a nitro group on two different ring carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Phenols |
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Sub Class | Nitrophenols |
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Direct Parent | Nitrophenols |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Nitrophenol
- Nitrobenzene
- Nitroaromatic compound
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- C-nitro compound
- Organic nitro compound
- Organic oxoazanium
- Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 113.8 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 11.6 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | 1.91 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Ozawa S, Shimizu M, Katoh T, Miyajima A, Ohno Y, Matsumoto Y, Fukuoka M, Tang YM, Lang NP, Kadlubar FF: Sulfating-activity and stability of cDNA-expressed allozymes of human phenol sulfotransferase, ST1A3*1 ((213)Arg) and ST1A3*2 ((213)His), both of which exist in Japanese as well as Caucasians. J Biochem. 1999 Aug;126(2):271-7. [PubMed:10423517 ]
- Sharaev PN, Gabdrakhmanova NK, Strelkova TN, Sakhabutdinova EP: [Detection of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase in urine]. Klin Lab Diagn. 2004 May;(5):40-2. [PubMed:15230116 ]
- Anderson RJ, Garcia MJ, Liebentritt DK, Kay HD: Localization of human blood phenol sulfotransferase activities: novel detection of the thermostable enzyme in granulocytes. J Lab Clin Med. 1991 Nov;118(5):500-9. [PubMed:1940590 ]
- Kayamori Y, Katayama Y: Enzymatic method for assaying calcium in serum and urine with porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase. Clin Chem. 1994 May;40(5):781-4. [PubMed:8174252 ]
- Pacifici GM, Temellini A, Castiglioni M, D'Alessandro C, Ducci A, Giuliani L: Interindividual variability of the human hepatic sulphotransferases. Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;92(1-3):219-31. [PubMed:8033255 ]
- Bowers GN Jr, McComb RB, Christensen RG, Schaffer R: High-purity 4-nitrophenol: purification, characterization, and specifications for use as a spectrophotometric reference material. Clin Chem. 1980 May;26(6):724-9. [PubMed:7371150 ]
- Bellavite P, Andrioli G, Guzzo P, Arigliano P, Chirumbolo S, Manzato F, Santonastaso C: A colorimetric method for the measurement of platelet adhesion in microtiter plates. Anal Biochem. 1994 Feb 1;216(2):444-50. [PubMed:8179202 ]
- Pacifici GM: Sulfation of drugs and hormones in mid-gestation human fetus. Early Hum Dev. 2005 Jul;81(7):573-81. Epub 2004 Dec 8. [PubMed:16009282 ]
- Vitarius JA, Sultatos LG: Kinetic mechanism of the detoxification of the organophosphate paraoxon by human serum A-esterase. Drug Metab Dispos. 1994 May-Jun;22(3):472-8. [PubMed:8070326 ]
- Pacifici GM, Marchi G: Interindividual variability of phenol- and catechol-sulphotransferases in platelets from adults and newborns. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1993 Dec;36(6):593-7. [PubMed:12959278 ]
- Osnes T, Sandstad O, Skar V, Osnes M: beta-Glucuronidase in common duct bile, methodological aspects, variation of pH optima and relation to gallstones. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1997 Jul;57(4):307-15. [PubMed:9249878 ]
- Young WF Jr, Okazaki H, Laws ER Jr, Weinshilboum RM: Human brain phenol sulfotransferase: biochemical properties and regional localization. J Neurochem. 1984 Sep;43(3):706-15. [PubMed:6589361 ]
- Leng G, Lewalter J: Role of individual susceptibility in risk assessment of pesticides. Occup Environ Med. 1999 Jul;56(7):449-53. [PubMed:10472315 ]
- Belanger G, Beaulieu M, Levesque E, Hum DW, Belanger A: Expression and characterization of a novel UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT2B9, from cynomolgus monkey. DNA Cell Biol. 1997 Oct;16(10):1195-205. [PubMed:9364930 ]
- Birk AV, Broekman MJ, Gladek EM, Robertson HD, Drosopoulos JH, Marcus AJ, Szeto HH: Role of extracellular ATP metabolism in regulation of platelet reactivity. J Lab Clin Med. 2002 Sep;140(3):166-75. [PubMed:12271274 ]
- Rossi AM, Maggini V, Fredianelli E, Di Bello D, Pietrabissa A, Mosca F, Barale R, Pacifici GM: Phenotype-genotype relationships of SULT1A1 in human liver and variations in the IC50 of the SULT1A1 inhibitor quercetin. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Oct;42(10):561-7. [PubMed:15516026 ]
- Reiter C, Mwaluko G, Dunnette J, Van Loon J, Weinshilboum R: Thermolabile and thermostable human platelet phenol sulfotransferase. Substrate specificity and physical separation. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1983 Sep;324(2):140-7. [PubMed:6139755 ]
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