Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2009-04-06 16:22:10 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:42:58 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000779 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Phenylethylamine |
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Description | Phenylethylamine (PEA) is an aromatic amine, which is a colorless liquid at room temperature. It is soluble in water, ethanol, and ether. Similar to other low-molecular-weight amines, it has a fishy odor. Upon exposure to air, it forms a solid carbonate salt with carbon dioxide. Phenethylamine is strongly basic and forms a stable crystalline hydrochloride salt with a melting point of 217 °C. Phenethylamine is also a skin irritant and possible sensitizer. Phenethylamine also has a constitutional isomer (+)-phenylethylamine (1-phenylethylamine), which has two stereoisomers: (R)-(+)-1-phenylethylamine and (S)-(-)-1-phenylethylamine. In the human brain, 2-phenethylamine is believed to function as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter (a trace amine). Phenethylamine can be biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine by enzymatic decarboxylation. It is also found in many foods such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation. However trace amounts from food are quickly metabolized by the enzyme MAO-B (into phenylacetic acid), preventing significant concentrations from reaching the brain. Phenylethylamine is a precursor to the neurotransmitter phenylethanolamine. High levels of PEA have been found in the urine of schizophrenics but it is not significantly elevated in the serum or CSF of schizophrenics (PMID:7906896 , PMID:7360842 ).¬† Urinary levels of PEA are significantly lower in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (PMID:12205654 ).¬† It has been found that PEA is the primary compound found in carnivore (especially cat) urine that leads to rodent (mouse and rat) avoidance. In other words, phenylethylamine is useful for scaring off rodent pests.¬† Quantitative HPLC analysis across 38 mammalian species has shown that PEA production in urine is especially enhanced in carnivores, with some producing >3,000-fold more than herbivores (PMID:21690383 ). Phenethylamine has been found to be a metabolite of Bacillus, Enterococcus and Lactobacillus (PMID:22953951 ; PMID:17307265 ; PMID:16630269 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C8H11N/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5H,6-7,9H2 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Benzeneethanamine | ChEBI | beta-Aminoethylbenzene | ChEBI | beta-Phenethylamine | ChEBI | beta-Phenylethylamine | ChEBI | Phenethylamine | ChEBI | 2-Phenylethylamine | Kegg | b-Aminoethylbenzene | Generator | Β-aminoethylbenzene | Generator | b-Phenethylamine | Generator | Β-phenethylamine | Generator | b-Phenylethylamine | Generator | Β-phenylethylamine | Generator | (2-Aminoethyl)benzene | HMDB | (2-Aminoethyl)polystyrene | HMDB | 1-Amino-2-phenylethane | HMDB | 1-Phenethylamine | HMDB | 1-Phenyl-2-amino-athan | HMDB | 1-Phenyl-2-aminoethane | HMDB | 1TNJ | HMDB | 1Utm | HMDB | 1Uto | HMDB | 2-Amino-1-phenylethane | HMDB | 2-Amino-fenylethan | HMDB | 2-Fenylethylamin | HMDB | 2-Phenethylamine | HMDB | 2-Phenyl-ethanamine | HMDB | 2-Phenylethanamine | HMDB | 2-Phenylethanamine (acd/name 4.0) | HMDB | 2-Phenylethylamine (acd/name 4.0) | HMDB | b-Phenylaethylamin | HMDB | Benzeneethanamine hydrochloride | HMDB | beta Phenethylamine | HMDB | beta-Phenylaethylamin | HMDB | Omega-phenylethylamine | HMDB | PEA | HMDB | Phenethylamine hydrochloride | HMDB | Polystyrene a-NH2 | HMDB | Phenethylamine hydrobromide | HMDB | Phenethylamine tosylate | HMDB | Phenethylamine conjugate acid | HMDB | Phenethylamine sulfate | HMDB | Phenethylamine, monolithium salt | HMDB | 2-Phenylethylammonium chloride | HMDB | Phenethylamine sulfate (2:1) | HMDB | Phenethylamine, 15N-labeled CPD | HMDB | Phenethylamine mesylate | HMDB | Phenethylamine perchlorate | HMDB | Phenethylamine, beta-(14)C-labeled CPD | HMDB | Diphenethylamine sulfate | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C8H11N |
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Average Mass | 121.1796 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 121.08915 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-phenylethan-1-amine |
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Traditional Name | 2-phenylethylamine |
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CAS Registry Number | 64-04-0 |
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SMILES | NCCC1=CC=CC=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H11N/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5H,6-7,9H2 |
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InChI Key | BHHGXPLMPWCGHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenethylamines. Phenethylamines are compounds containing a phenethylamine moiety, which consists of a phenyl group substituted at the second position by an ethan-1-amine. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Phenethylamines |
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Direct Parent | Phenethylamines |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenethylamine
- 2-arylethylamine
- Aralkylamine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary amine
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Amine
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Kusaga A, Yamashita Y, Koeda T, Hiratani M, Kaneko M, Yamada S, Matsuishi T: Increased urine phenylethylamine after methylphenidate treatment in children with ADHD. Ann Neurol. 2002 Sep;52(3):372-4. [PubMed:12205654 ]
- O'Reilly RL, Davis BA: Phenylethylamine and schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Jan;18(1):63-75. [PubMed:7906896 ]
- Potkin SG, Wyatt RJ, Karoum F: Phenylethylamine (PEA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) in the urine of chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1980 Jan;16(1):52-4. [PubMed:7360842 ]
- Ferrero DM, Lemon JK, Fluegge D, Pashkovski SL, Korzan WJ, Datta SR, Spehr M, Fendt M, Liberles SD: Detection and avoidance of a carnivore odor by prey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 Jul 5;108(27):11235-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1103317108. Epub 2011 Jun 20. [PubMed:21690383 ]
- Kim B, Byun BY, Mah JH: Biogenic amine formation and bacterial contribution in Natto products. Food Chem. 2012 Dec 1;135(3):2005-11. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.091. Epub 2012 Jul 3. [PubMed:22953951 ]
- Landete JM, Pardo I, Ferrer S: Tyramine and phenylethylamine production among lactic acid bacteria isolated from wine. Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 Apr 20;115(3):364-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.10.051. Epub 2007 Jan 18. [PubMed:17307265 ]
- Marcobal A, de las Rivas B, Munoz R: First genetic characterization of a bacterial beta-phenylethylamine biosynthetic enzyme in Enterococcus faecium RM58. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2006 May;258(1):144-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00206.x. [PubMed:16630269 ]
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