Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2007-01-22 23:21:34 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-03 04:22:15 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000775 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/2790 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Geraniol |
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Description | Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. Beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. Beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. Beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/Apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of nature's most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7- |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol | ChEBI | (Z)-Geraniol | ChEBI | 2-cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | cis-Geraniol | ChEBI | Neryl alcohol | ChEBI | (2E)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | (2Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | (cis)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | (e)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | (e)3,7-Dimethyl-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | (Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | 2,6-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-8-ol | HMDB | 2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | 2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-ol | HMDB | 2E-Geraniol | HMDB | 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | 3,7-Dimethyl-octane-1-ol tetrahydro derivative | HMDB | 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2, 6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol | HMDB | beta-Geraniol | HMDB | Geraniol (natural) | HMDB | Geraniol alcohol | HMDB | Geranyl alcohol | HMDB | Guaniol | HMDB | Lemonol | HMDB | Nerol | HMDB | Nerol (natural) | HMDB | Nerolidyl diphosphate | HMDB | trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | trans-Geraniol | HMDB | Vernol | HMDB | Geraniol, 2-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomer | HMDB | Geraniol, titanium (4+) salt | HMDB | Geraniol, (Z)-isomer | HMDB | Geraniol, 1-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomer | HMDB | Geraniol, (e)-isomer | HMDB | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienol | HMDB | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyloct-2,6-diene-1-ol | HMDB | (Z)-Nerol | HMDB | 3,7-Dimethyl-cis-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | cis-1-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene | HMDB | beta-Nerol | HMDB | Β-nerol | HMDB | Geraniol | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C10H18O |
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Average Mass | 154.2530 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 154.13577 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol |
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Traditional Name | nerol |
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CAS Registry Number | 106-25-2 |
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SMILES | CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7- |
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InChI Key | GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-09-06 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-09-06 | View Spectrum | COSY NMR | [1H, 1H] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum | HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum | HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200, CD3OD, simulated) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-16 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Acyclic monoterpenoids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Acyclic monoterpenoid
- Fatty alcohol
- Fatty acyl
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | < -15 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 103.00 to 105.00 °C. @ 9.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.53 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 3.47 | Griffin, S., Wyllie, S. G., & Markham, J. (1999). Determination of octanol-water partition coefficient for terpenoids using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 864(2), 221-228. |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Muller GC, Junnila A, Butler J, Kravchenko VD, Revay EE, Weiss RW, Schlein Y: Efficacy of the botanical repellents geraniol, linalool, and citronella against mosquitoes. J Vector Ecol. 2009 Jun;34(1):2-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2009.00002.x. [PubMed:20836800 ]
- Miron D, Cornelio R, Troleis J, Mariath J, Zimmer AR, Mayorga P, Schapoval EE: Influence of penetration enhancers and molecular weight in antifungals permeation through bovine hoof membranes and prediction of efficacy in human nails. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2014 Jan 23;51:20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.032. Epub 2013 Aug 30. [PubMed:23999034 ]
- Kpoviessi S, Bero J, Agbani P, Gbaguidi F, Kpadonou-Kpoviessi B, Sinsin B, Accrombessi G, Frederich M, Moudachirou M, Quetin-Leclercq J: Chemical composition, cytotoxicity and in vitro antitrypanosomal and antiplasmodial activity of the essential oils of four Cymbopogon species from Benin. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):652-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.027. Epub 2013 Nov 21. [PubMed:24269775 ]
- Kubo K, Tsuji K, Mori A, Ujiie S: Synthesis and properties of cholesteryl 4-(Alkanoylamino)benzoates: liquid crystals and organogelators. J Oleo Sci. 2014;63(4):401-6. doi: 10.5650/jos.ess13160. Epub 2014 Mar 5. [PubMed:24599108 ]
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