Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-05-18 09:17:15 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:41:29 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000736 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Pseudoephedrine |
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Description | Pseudoephedrine is a member of the class of phenylethanolamines that is (1S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylethan-1-ol in which the pro-S hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a methyl group. It has a role as a sympathomimetic agent, an anti-asthmatic drug, a bronchodilator agent, a vasoconstrictor agent, a central nervous system drug, a nasal decongestant, a xenobiotic and a plant metabolite. It is a secondary alcohol, a secondary amino compound and a member of phenylethanolamines. It is a conjugate base of a pseudoephedrine(1+). Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes. It may be used as a nasal/sinus decongestant, as a stimulant, or as a wakefulness-promoting agent in higher doses. It was first characterized in 1889, by the German chemists Ladenburg and Oelschlägel, who used a sample that had been isolated from Ephedra vulgaris by the Merck pharmaceutical corporation of Darmstadt, Germany. The salts pseudoephedrine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine sulfate are found in many over-the-counter preparations, either as a single ingredient or (more commonly) in a fixed-dose combination with one or more additional active ingredients such as antihistamines, guaifenesin, dextromethorphan, paracetamol (acetaminophen) or an NSAID (such as aspirin or ibuprofen). At first, pseudoephedrine was known as a natural substance that occurs in shrubs of the Ephedra genus, which grow worldwide. Almost all commercial pseudoephedrine, however, is produced by fermenting dextrose in the presence of benzaldehyde. The primary product, (R)-phenylacetylcarbinol, is aminated to make pseudoephedrine. Pseudoephedrine acts on α- and β2-adrenergic receptors, to cause vasoconstriction and relaxation of smooth muscle in the bronchi, respectively. α-Adrenergic receptors are located on the muscles lining the walls of blood vessels. When these receptors are activated, the muscles contract, causing the blood vessels to constrict (vasoconstriction). The constricted blood vessels now allow less fluid to leave the blood vessels and enter the nose, throat and sinus linings, which results in decreased inflammation of nasal membranes, as well as decreased mucus production. Thus, by constriction of blood vessels, mainly those located in the nasal passages, pseudoephedrine causes a decrease in the symptoms of nasal congestion. Activation of β2-adrenergic receptors produces relaxation of smooth muscle of the bronchi, causing bronchial dilation and in turn decreasing congestion (although not fluid) and difficulty breathing. |
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Structure | CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(+) Threo-2-(methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | ChEBI | (+)-(1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | (+)-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | (+)-Psi-ephedrine | ChEBI | (+)-Threo-ephedrine | ChEBI | (1S,2S)-(+)-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | (1S,2S)-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | 2-(Methylamino)-1-phenyl-1-propanol | ChEBI | D-Isoephedrine | ChEBI | D-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | D-Psi-2-methylamino-1-phenyl-1-propanol | ChEBI | D-Psi-ephedrine | ChEBI | Isoephedrine | ChEBI | L(+)-Psi-ephedrine | ChEBI | L-(+)-Pseudoephedrine | ChEBI | Pseudoefedrina | ChEBI | Pseudoephedrine D-form | ChEBI | Pseudoephedrinum | ChEBI | Psi-ephedrin | ChEBI | Psi-ephedrine | ChEBI | trans-Ephedrine | ChEBI | (1S,2S)-2-(Methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol | Kegg | Neodurasina | Kegg | Acunaso | Kegg | 1-Ephedrine | HMDB | Besan | HMDB | D-Pseudoephedrine base | HMDB | Novafed | HMDB | Pseudoephedrine ephedrine | HMDB | Sudafed | HMDB | Ephedrine threo isomer | HMDB | Pseudoephedrine HCL | HMDB | Threo isomer OF ephedrine | HMDB | Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C10H15NO |
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Average Mass | 165.2322 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 165.11536 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (1S,2S)-2-(methylamino)-1-phenylpropan-1-ol |
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Traditional Name | pseudoephedrine |
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CAS Registry Number | 90-82-4 |
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SMILES | CN[C@@H](C)[C@@H](O)C1=CC=CC=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H15NO/c1-8(11-2)10(12)9-6-4-3-5-7-9/h3-8,10-12H,1-2H3/t8-,10+/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | KWGRBVOPPLSCSI-WCBMZHEXSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanes. These are organic compounds containing a phenylpropane moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Phenylpropanes |
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Direct Parent | Phenylpropanes |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenylpropane
- Aralkylamine
- 1,2-aminoalcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Secondary aliphatic amine
- Secondary amine
- Alcohol
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Amine
- Aromatic alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 119 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | 0.89 | Kril, M. B., & Fung, H. L. (1990). Influence of hydrophobicity on the ion exchange selectivity coefficients for aromatic amines. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 79(5), 440-443. |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Strindelius LC, Nation RL, Evans AM, Cabot JL, Corbett KM: Effect of organic cations on the renal tubular secretion of pseudoephedrine in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2001 Jan-Feb;28(1-2):43-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03393.x. [PubMed:11153535 ]
- Gonzalo-Garijo MA, Perez-Calderon R, de Argila D, Rodriguez-Nevado I: Erythrodermia to pseudoephedrine in a patient with contact allergy to phenylephrine. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2002 Jul-Aug;30(4):239-42. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0546(02)79127-1. [PubMed:12199969 ]
- Authors unspecified: Gastroschisis and pseudoephedrine during pregnancy. Prescrire Int. 2004 Aug;13(72):141-3. [PubMed:15532139 ]
- Kendirli T, Kismet E, Atay AA, Akin R, Kurekci AE, Koseoglu V: Stroke associated with pseudoephedrine in a child with rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2006 Jan;13(1):109-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2004.11.024. [PubMed:16410207 ]
- Hodges K, Hancock S, Currell K, Hamilton B, Jeukendrup AE: Pseudoephedrine enhances performance in 1500-m runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Feb;38(2):329-33. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000183201.79330.9c. [PubMed:16531903 ]
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