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Showing NP-Card for Acrylamide (NP0000719)

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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2006-08-13 16:24:27 UTC
Updated at2021-10-07 20:41:05 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000719
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameAcrylamide
DescriptionAcrylamide (or acrylic amide) is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2=CHC(O)NH2. It is a white odorless solid, soluble in water and several organic solvents. It is produced industrially as a precursor to polyacrylamides, which find many uses as water-soluble thickeners and flocculation agents. It is highly toxic, likely to be carcinogenic,and partly for that reason it is mainly handled as an aqueous solution. It is a chemical used in many industries around the world and more recently was found to form naturally in foods cooked at high temperatures. Acrylamide is a neurotoxicant, reproductive toxicant, and carcinogen in animal species. Only the neurotoxic effects have been observed in humans and only at high levels of exposure in occupational settings. The mechanism underlying neurotoxic effects of ACR may be basic to the other toxic effects seen in animals. This mechanism involves interference with the kinesin-related motor proteins in nerve cells or with fusion proteins in the formation of vesicles at the nerve terminus and eventual cell death. Neurotoxicity and resulting behavioral changes can affect reproductive performance of ACR-exposed laboratory animals with resulting decreased reproductive performance. Further, the kinesin motor proteins are important in sperm motility, which could alter reproduction parameters. Effects on kinesin proteins could also explain some of the genotoxic effects on ACR. These proteins form the spindle fibers in the nucleus that function in the separation of chromosomes during cell division. This could explain the clastogenic effects of the chemical noted in a number of tests for genotoxicity and assays for germ cell damage. Other mechanisms underlying ACR-induced carcinogenesis or nerve toxicity are likely related to an affinity for sulfhydryl groups on proteins. Binding of the sulfhydryl groups could inactive proteins/enzymes involved in DNA repair and other critical cell functions. Direct interaction with DNA may or may not be a major mechanism for cancer induction in animals. The DNA adducts that form do not correlate with tumor sites and ACR is mostly negative in gene mutation assays except at high doses that may not be achievable in the diet. All epidemiologic studies fail to show any increased risk of cancer from either high-level occupational exposure or the low levels found in the diet. In fact, two of the epidemiologic studies show a decrease in cancer of the large bowel. A number of risk assessment studies were performed to estimate increased cancer risk. The results of these studies are highly variable depending on the model. There is universal consensus among international food safety groups in all countries that examined the issue of ACR in the diet that not enough information is available at this time to make informed decisions on which to base any regulatory action. Too little is known about levels of this chemical in different foods and the potential risk from dietary exposure. Avoidance of foods containing ACR would result in worse health issues from an unbalanced diet or pathogens from under cooked foods. There is some consensus that low levels of ACR in the diet are not a concern for neurotoxicity or reproductive toxicity in humans, although further research is need to study the long-term, low-level cumulative effects on the nervous system. Any relationship to cancer risk from dietary exposure is hypothetical at this point and awaits more definitive studies. (PMID: 17492525 ).
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)


  Mrv1652305271900012D          

  5  4  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.2847    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4290    0.4138    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2847   -0.8275    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0021    0.4138    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1426    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  2  0  0  0  0
  2  5  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
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3D MOL for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

HMDB0004296
     RDKit          3D
Acrylamide
 10  9  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.7952    0.1086   -0.2487 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6160    0.3349    0.2638 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5641   -0.3326   -0.2624 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8613   -0.0950    0.2880 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3880   -1.1238   -1.2192 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6611    0.6043    0.1443 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9230   -0.5721   -1.0669 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4850    1.0245    1.0930 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6438   -0.7668    0.2458 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0230    0.8181    0.7622 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  3
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  3  5  2  0
  1  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
M  END
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3D SDF for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)


  Mrv1652305271900012D          

  5  4  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
    0.2847    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4290    0.4138    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2847   -0.8275    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0021    0.4138    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1426    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  0  0  0  0
  1  4  2  0  0  0  0
  2  5  2  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0000719

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
NC(=O)C=C

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5)

> <INCHI_KEY>
HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C3H5NO

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
71.0779

> <EXACT_MASS>
71.037113787

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
10

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
6.8797619223654936

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
prop-2-enamide

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.65

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.273995321

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
0.23

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
16.699757208503446

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
0.0025770974210549413

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
43.09

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
19.113599999999998

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
1

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.20e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
acrylamide

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
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3D-SDF for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

HMDB0004296
     RDKit          3D
Acrylamide
 10  9  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    1.7952    0.1086   -0.2487 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.6160    0.3349    0.2638 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5641   -0.3326   -0.2624 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8613   -0.0950    0.2880 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3880   -1.1238   -1.2192 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6611    0.6043    0.1443 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9230   -0.5721   -1.0669 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4850    1.0245    1.0930 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6438   -0.7668    0.2458 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0230    0.8181    0.7622 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  3
  2  3  1  0
  3  4  1  0
  3  5  2  0
  1  6  1  0
  1  7  1  0
  2  8  1  0
  4  9  1  0
  4 10  1  0
M  END
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PDB for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0       0.531   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -0.801   0.772   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  N   UNK     0       0.531  -1.545   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0       1.871   0.772   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -2.133   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2    3    4                                                  
CONECT    2    1    5                                                       
CONECT    3    1                                                            
CONECT    4    1                                                            
CONECT    5    2                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0    5    0    8    0
END
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3D PDB for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

COMPND    HMDB0004296
HETATM    1  C1  UNL     1       1.795   0.109  -0.249  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    2  C2  UNL     1       0.616   0.335   0.264  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  C3  UNL     1      -0.564  -0.333  -0.262  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    4  N1  UNL     1      -1.861  -0.095   0.288  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    5  O1  UNL     1      -0.388  -1.124  -1.219  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    6  H1  UNL     1       2.661   0.604   0.144  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    7  H2  UNL     1       1.923  -0.572  -1.067  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    8  H3  UNL     1       0.485   1.025   1.093  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM    9  H4  UNL     1      -2.644  -0.767   0.246  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   10  H5  UNL     1      -2.023   0.818   0.762  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2    2    6    7
CONECT    2    3    8
CONECT    3    4    5    5
CONECT    4    9   10
END
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SMILES for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

NC(=O)C=C
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INCHI for NP0000719 (Acrylamide)

InChI=1S/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5)
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View in JSmol
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-PropenamideChEBI
AkrylamidChEBI
EthylenecarboxamideChEBI
2-PropeneamideHMDB
AcrylagelHMDB
Acrylic acid amideHMDB
Acrylic amideHMDB
Aerofloc 3453HMDB
American cyanamid kpamHMDB
American cyanamid p-250HMDB
Amid kyseliny akryloveHMDB
Amide propenoateHMDB
Amide propenoic acidHMDB
Aminogen paHMDB
Amresco acryl-40HMDB
Bio-gel p 2HMDB
BioGel p-100HMDB
Cyanamer p 250HMDB
Cyanamer p 35HMDB
Cytame 5HMDB
Dow et 597HMDB
Ethylene carboxamideHMDB
Flokonit eHMDB
Flygtol GBHMDB
Gelamide 250HMDB
Himoloc SS 200HMDB
K-PamHMDB
Magnafloc R 292HMDB
Nacolyte 673HMDB
OptimumHMDB
PolyacrylamideHMDB
Polyacrylamide resinHMDB
Polyacrylamide solutionHMDB
Polyhall 27HMDB
Polyhall 402HMDB
PolystolonHMDB
PolystoronHMDB
PorisutoronHMDB
Praestol 2800HMDB
Prop-2-enamideHMDB
PropenamideHMDB
PropeneamideHMDB
PropenoateHMDB
Propenoic acidHMDB
Propenoic acid amideHMDB
Reten 420HMDB
Sanpoly a 520HMDB
Solvitose 433HMDB
Stipix adHMDB
Stokopol D 2624HMDB
Sumirez a 17HMDB
Sumirez a 27HMDB
Sumitex a 1HMDB
Superfloc 84HMDB
Superfloc 900HMDB
Sursolan p 5HMDB
Versicol W 11HMDB
Vinyl amideHMDB
Chemical FormulaC3H5NO
Average Mass71.0779 Da
Monoisotopic Mass71.03711 Da
IUPAC Nameprop-2-enamide
Traditional Nameacrylamide
CAS Registry Number79-06-1
SMILES
NC(=O)C=C
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C3H5NO/c1-2-3(4)5/h2H,1H2,(H2,4,5)
InChI KeyHRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
Clinacanthus siamensisKNApSAcK Database
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboximidic acids. These are organic acids with the general formula RC(=N)-OH (R=H, organic group).
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboximidic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassCarboximidic acids
Direct ParentCarboximidic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point84.5 °CNot Available
Boiling Point192.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm HgThe Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility390 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogP-0.67Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995).
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility120 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.65ALOGPS
logP-0.27ChemAxon
logS0.23ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)16.7ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)0.0026ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area43.09 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity19.11 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability6.88 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0004296
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB010088
KNApSAcK IDC00032372
Chemspider ID6331
KEGG Compound IDC01659
BioCyc IDCPD-2204
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAcrylamide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6579
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28619
Good Scents IDrw1216131
References
General References
  1. Exon JH: A review of the toxicology of acrylamide. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2006 Sep-Oct;9(5):397-412. [PubMed:17492525 ]
  2. Adler ID, Baumgartner A, Gonda H, Friedman MA, Skerhut M: 1-Aminobenzotriazole inhibits acrylamide-induced dominant lethal effects in spermatids of male mice. Mutagenesis. 2000 Mar;15(2):133-6. doi: 10.1093/mutage/15.2.133. [PubMed:10719038 ]
  3. Tareke E, Rydberg P, Karlsson P, Eriksson S, Tornqvist M: Analysis of acrylamide, a carcinogen formed in heated foodstuffs. J Agric Food Chem. 2002 Aug 14;50(17):4998-5006. doi: 10.1021/jf020302f. [PubMed:12166997 ]
  4. Besaratinia A, Pfeifer GP: Genotoxicity of acrylamide and glycidamide. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2004 Jul 7;96(13):1023-9. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djh186. [PubMed:15240786 ]
  5. Lopachin RM, Decaprio AP: Protein adduct formation as a molecular mechanism in neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Aug;86(2):214-25. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfi197. Epub 2005 May 18. [PubMed:15901921 ]