Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:42:38 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000671 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid |
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Description | N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) is a neuropeptide found in millimolar concentrations in the brain that is localized to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neuronal systems. NAAG is released upon depolarization by a Ca(2+)-dependent process and is an agonist at mGluR3 receptors and an antagonist at NMDA receptors. NAAG is catabolized to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate primarily by glutamate carboxypeptidase II, which is expressed on the extracellular surface of astrocytes. The levels of NAAG and the activity of carboxypeptidase II are altered in a regionally specific fashion in several neuropsychiatric disorders (PMID: 9361299 ). N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid (NAAG) is a purported precursor of N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA) and is present at about one-tenth of the concentration of NAA in the brain. NAAG has been reported to activate N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors in neurons. Previous immunohistochemical studies in the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) have suggested that NAAG is exclusively localized to neurons. Recent evidence, however, indicates that NAAG might also be localized to nonneuronal cells within the CNS. Only traces of NAA and NAAG are detectable in other tissues. Some compounds can change levels of NAA and NAAG in the brain. For example, methylphenidate increases the levels of NAA and NAAG in the cerebral cortex; amphetamine also increases NAA concentration in a mature brain by 26%, raising the possibility that other neurochemical systems might be involved in the clinical effects of stimulants (PMID: 10603234 ). |
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Structure | CC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C11H16N2O8/c1-5(14)12-7(4-9(17)18)10(19)13-6(11(20)21)2-3-8(15)16/h6-7H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,12,14)(H,13,19)(H,15,16)(H,17,18)(H,20,21)/t6-,7-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Isospaglumic acid | ChEBI | N-Ac-D-e | ChEBI | N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamic acid | ChEBI | N-Acetyl-L-asp-L-glu | ChEBI | NAAG | ChEBI | Isospaglumate | Generator | N-Acetyl-1-aspartylglutamate | Generator | N-Acetylaspartylglutamate | Generator | N-Acetyl-L-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate | HMDB | N-Acetyl-1-asp-glu | HMDB | N-(N-Acetyl-L-alpha-aspartyl)-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | Naaxia | HMDB | NAAGA | HMDB | N-Acetyl-aspartyl-glutamic acid | HMDB | Acetyl-alpha-L-aspartylglutamic acid | HMDB | Acetyl-α-L-aspartylglutamic acid | HMDB | N-(N-Acetylaspartyl)glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-L-α-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-alpha-L-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-α-L-aspartyl-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-Acetyl-α-aspartylglutamic acid | HMDB | alpha-Spaglumic acid | HMDB | Α-spaglumic acid | HMDB | N-Acetylaspartylglutamic acid | HMDB, ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C11H16N2O8 |
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Average Mass | 304.2533 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 304.09067 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-[(2S)-3-carboxy-2-acetamidopropanamido]pentanedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 3106-85-2 |
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SMILES | CC(=O)NC(CC(O)=O)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C11H16N2O8/c1-5(14)12-7(4-9(17)18)10(19)13-6(11(20)21)2-3-8(15)16/h6-7H,2-4H2,1H3,(H,12,14)(H,13,19)(H,15,16)(H,17,18)(H,20,21) |
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InChI Key | OPVPGKGADVGKTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dipeptides. These are organic compounds containing a sequence of exactly two alpha-amino acids joined by a peptide bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Dipeptides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Alpha-dipeptide
- Glutamic acid or derivatives
- Aspartic acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid amide
- N-substituted-alpha-amino acid
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- Tricarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty amide
- N-acyl-amine
- Fatty acyl
- Acetamide
- Carboxamide group
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Coyle JT: The nagging question of the function of N-acetylaspartylglutamate. Neurobiol Dis. 1997;4(3-4):231-8. [PubMed:9361299 ]
- Ma D, Zhang J, Sugahara K, Ageta T, Nakayama K, Kodama H: Simultaneous determination of N-acetylaspartic acid, N-acetylglutamic acid, and N-acetylaspartylglutamic acid in whole brain of 3-mercaptopropionic acid-treated rats using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem. 1999 Dec 15;276(2):124-8. [PubMed:10603234 ]
- Chen L, Chao Y, Cheng P, Li N, Zheng H, Yang Y: UPLC-QTOF/MS-Based Metabolomics Reveals the Protective Mechanism of Hydrogen on Mice with Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res. 2019 Aug;44(8):1950-1963. doi: 10.1007/s11064-019-02829-x. Epub 2019 Jun 24. [PubMed:31236794 ]
- Raider K, Ma D, Harris JL, Fuentes I, Rogers RS, Wheatley JL, Geiger PC, Yeh HW, Choi IY, Brooks WM, Stanford JA: A high fat diet alters metabolic and bioenergetic function in the brain: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Neurochem Int. 2016 Jul;97:172-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2016.04.008. Epub 2016 Apr 26. [PubMed:27125544 ]
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