Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2024-09-17 15:42:29 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000634
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameProstaglandin D2
DescriptionProstaglandin D2 (or PGD2) is a prostaglandin that is actively produced in various organs such as the brain, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, uterus, ovary, oviduct, testis, prostate and epididymis, and is involved in many physiological events. PGD2 binds to the prostaglandin D2 receptor (PTGDR) which is a G-protein-coupled receptor. Its activity is mainly mediated by G-S proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase resulting in an elevation of intracellular cAMP and Ca2+. PGD2 promotes sleep; regulates body temperature, olfactory function, hormone release, and nociception in the central nervous system; prevents platelet aggregation; and induces vasodilation and bronchoconstriction. PGD2 is also released from mast cells as an allergic and inflammatory mediator. Prostaglandin H2 is an unstable intermediate formed from PGG2 by the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) in the arachidonate cascade. In mammalian systems, it is efficiently converted into more stable arachidonate metabolites, such as PGD2, PGE2, PGF2a by the action of three groups of enzymes, PGD synthases (PGDS), PGE synthases and PGF synthases, respectively. PGDS catalyzes the isomerization of PGH2 to PGD2. Two types of PGD2 synthase are known. Lipocalin-type PGD synthase is present in cerebrospinal fluid, seminal plasma and may play an important role in male reproduction. Another PGD synthase, hematopoietic PGD synthase is present in the spleen, fallopian tube, endometrial gland cells, extravillous trophoblasts and villous trophoblasts, and perhaps plays an important role in female reproduction. Recent studies demonstrate that PGD2 is probably involved in multiple aspects of inflammation through its dual receptor systems, DP and CRTH2. (PMID: 12148545 )Prostaglandins are eicosanoids. The eicosanoids consist of the prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), leukotrienes (LTs), and lipoxins (LXs). The PGs and TXs are collectively identified as prostanoids. Prostaglandins were originally shown to be synthesized in the prostate gland, thromboxanes from platelets (thrombocytes), and leukotrienes from leukocytes, hence the derivation of their names. All mammalian cells except erythrocytes synthesize eicosanoids. These molecules are extremely potent, able to cause profound physiological effects at very dilute concentrations. All eicosanoids function locally at the site of synthesis, through receptor-mediated G-protein linked signalling pathways.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateChEBI
(5Z,13E,15S)-9alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateChEBI
11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2-alphaChEBI
PGD2ChEBI
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateGenerator
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9Α,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateGenerator
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9Α,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
(5Z,13E,15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateGenerator
(5Z,13E,15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
(5Z,13E,15S)-9alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
(5Z,13E,15S)-9Α,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateGenerator
(5Z,13E,15S)-9Α,15-dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidGenerator
11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2-aGenerator
11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2-αGenerator
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateHMDB
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidHMDB
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateHMDB
(5Z,13E)-(15S)-9-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidHMDB
(5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoateHMDB
(5Z,13E,15S)-9-alpha,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dienoic acidHMDB
(5Z,13E,15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-OateHMDB
(5Z,13E,15S)-9a,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxoprosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acidHMDB
(5Z,9-alpha,13E,15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5,13-dien-1-OateHMDB
(5Z,9-alpha,13E,15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acidHMDB
(5Z,9alpha,13E,15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5,13-dien-1-OateHMDB
(5Z,9alpha,13E,15S)-9,15-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-prosta-5,13-dien-1-Oic acidHMDB
11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2alphaHMDB
9S,15S-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoateHMDB
9S,15S-Dihydroxy-11-oxo-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acidHMDB
F2alpha, 11-DehydroprostaglandinHMDB
11 Dehydroprostaglandin F2alphaHMDB
11 Dehydroprostaglandin F2 alphaHMDB
D2, ProstaglandinHMDB
F2 alpha, 11-DehydroprostaglandinHMDB
alpha, 11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2HMDB
11-Dehydroprostaglandin F2 alphaHMDB
Chemical FormulaC20H32O5
Average Mass352.4651 Da
Monoisotopic Mass352.22497 Da
IUPAC Name(5Z)-7-[(1R,2R,5S)-5-hydroxy-2-[(1E,3S)-3-hydroxyoct-1-en-1-yl]-3-oxocyclopentyl]hept-5-enoic acid
Traditional Nameprostaglandin D2
CAS Registry Number41598-07-6
SMILES
[H][C@](O)(CCCCC)\C=C\[C@@]1([H])C(=O)C[C@]([H])(O)[C@]1([H])C\C=C/CCCC(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C20H32O5/c1-2-3-6-9-15(21)12-13-17-16(18(22)14-19(17)23)10-7-4-5-8-11-20(24)25/h4,7,12-13,15-18,21-22H,2-3,5-6,8-11,14H2,1H3,(H,24,25)/b7-4-,13-12+/t15-,16+,17+,18-/m0/s1
InChI KeyBHMBVRSPMRCCGG-OUTUXVNYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Gersemia fruticosaLOTUS Database
Lagopus mutaFooDB
Larix sibiricaLOTUS Database
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Mus musculusLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as prostaglandins and related compounds. These are unsaturated carboxylic acids consisting of a 20 carbon skeleton that also contains a five member ring, and are based upon the fatty acid arachidonic acid.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassFatty Acyls
Sub ClassEicosanoids
Direct ParentProstaglandins and related compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Prostaglandin skeleton
  • Long-chain fatty acid
  • Hydroxy fatty acid
  • Cyclopentanol
  • Fatty acid
  • Unsaturated fatty acid
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homomonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point56 - 57 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.086 g/LALOGPS
logP3.12ALOGPS
logP3.23ChemAxon
logS-3.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)4.4ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area94.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count12ChemAxon
Refractivity99.44 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.78 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0001403
DrugBank IDDB02056
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022602
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID395250
KEGG Compound IDC00696
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID35725
Wikipedia LinkProstaglandin_D2
METLIN ID6221
PubChem Compound448457
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID15555
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. O'Sullivan S, Dahlen B, Dahlen SE, Kumlin M: Increased urinary excretion of the prostaglandin D2 metabolite 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 after aspirin challenge supports mast cell activation in aspirin-induced airway obstruction. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1996 Aug;98(2):421-32. [PubMed:8757220 ]
  2. Parsons WG 3rd, Roberts LJ 2nd: Transformation of prostaglandin D2 to isomeric prostaglandin F2 compounds by human eosinophils: a potential mast cell-eosinophil interaction. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res. 1989;19:499-502. [PubMed:2526527 ]
  3. Parsons WG 3rd, Roberts LJ 2nd: Transformation of prostaglandin D2 to isomeric prostaglandin F2 compounds by human eosinophils. A potential mast cell-eosinophil interaction. J Immunol. 1988 Oct 1;141(7):2413-9. [PubMed:3139758 ]
  4. Cooper B: Diminished platelet adenylate cyclase activation by prostaglandin D2 in acute thrombosis. Blood. 1979 Sep;54(3):684-93. [PubMed:380688 ]
  5. Bushfield M, McNicol A, MacIntyre DE: Inhibition of platelet-activating-factor-induced human platelet activation by prostaglandin D2. Differential sensitivity of platelet transduction processes and functional responses to inhibition by cyclic AMP. Biochem J. 1985 Nov 15;232(1):267-71. [PubMed:3002327 ]
  6. Awad JA, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ 2nd: Detection of the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin D2 in the circulation: demonstration of elevated levels in patients with disorders of systemic mast cell activation. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1994 May;93(5):817-24. [PubMed:8182221 ]
  7. Wolfe LS, Rostworowski K, Pellerin L, Sherwin A: Metabolism of prostaglandin D2 by human cerebral cortex into 9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2 by an active NADPH-dependent 11-ketoreductase. J Neurochem. 1989 Jul;53(1):64-70. [PubMed:2723663 ]
  8. Cutler LS, Christian CP, Feinstein MB: Cytochemical localization of adenylate cyclase in the dense tubule system of human blood platelets stimulated by forskolin, prostacyclin and prostaglandin D2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1985 Jun 30;845(3):403-10. [PubMed:3890960 ]
  9. Murray JJ, Tonnel AB, Brash AR, Roberts LJ 2nd, Gosset P, Workman R, Capron A, Oates JA: Release of prostaglandin D2 into human airways during acute antigen challenge. N Engl J Med. 1986 Sep 25;315(13):800-4. [PubMed:3462506 ]
  10. Liston TE, Roberts LJ 2nd: Transformation of prostaglandin D2 to 9 alpha, 11 beta-(15S)-trihydroxyprosta-(5Z,13E)-dien-1-oic acid (9 alpha, 11 beta-prostaglandin F2): a unique biologically active prostaglandin produced enzymatically in vivo in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(18):6030-4. [PubMed:3862115 ]
  11. Haberl C, Hultner L, Flugel A, Falk M, Geuenich S, Wilmanns W, Denzlinger C: Release of prostaglandin D2 by murine mast cells: importance of metabolite formation for antiproliferative activity. Mediators Inflamm. 1998;7(2):79-84. [PubMed:9836493 ]
  12. Bate C, Kempster S, Williams A: Prostaglandin D2 mediates neuronal damage by amyloid-beta or prions which activates microglial cells. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Feb;50(2):229-37. Epub 2005 Nov 11. [PubMed:16289250 ]
  13. Nishizawa EE, Miller WL, Gorman RR, Bundy GL, Svensson J, Hamberg M: Prostaglandin d2 as a potential antithrombotic agent. Prostaglandins. 1975 Jan;9(1):109-21. [PubMed:806102 ]
  14. Fuller RW, Dixon CM, Dollery CT, Barnes PJ: Prostaglandin D2 potentiates airway responsiveness to histamine and methacholine. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1986 Feb;133(2):252-4. [PubMed:3511806 ]
  15. Lewis RA, Soter NA, Diamond PT, Austen KF, Oates JA, Roberts LJ 2nd: Prostaglandin D2 generation after activation of rat and human mast cells with anti-IgE. J Immunol. 1982 Oct;129(4):1627-31. [PubMed:6809826 ]
  16. Gresele P, Deckmyn H, Huybrechts E, Vermylen J: Serum albumin enhances the impairment of platelet aggregation with thromboxane synthase inhibition by increasing the formation of prostaglandin D2. Biochem Pharmacol. 1984 Jul 1;33(13):2083-8. [PubMed:6430299 ]
  17. VanderEnde DS, Morrow JD: Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans after the application of cinnamic aldehyde. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Jul;45(1):62-7. [PubMed:11423836 ]
  18. Downard CD, Roberts LJ 2nd, Morrow JD: Topical benzoic acid induces the increased biosynthesis of prostaglandin D2 in human skin in vivo. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Apr;57(4):441-5. [PubMed:7712673 ]
  19. Morrow JD, Minton TA, Awad JA, Roberts LJ: Release of markedly increased quantities of prostaglandin D2 from the skin in vivo in humans following the application of sorbic acid. Arch Dermatol. 1994 Nov;130(11):1408-12. [PubMed:7979442 ]
  20. Morrow JD, Awad JA, Oates JA, Roberts LJ 2nd: Identification of skin as a major site of prostaglandin D2 release following oral administration of niacin in humans. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 May;98(5):812-5. [PubMed:1373750 ]
  21. Saito S, Tsuda H, Michimata T: Prostaglandin D2 and reproduction. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2002 May;47(5):295-302. [PubMed:12148545 ]