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Showing NP-Card for L-Glutamine (NP0000627)

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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2022-02-10 15:10:53 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000627
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameL-Glutamine
DescriptionGlutamine (Gln), also known as L-glutamine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. Structurally, glutamine is similar to the amino acid glutamic acid. However, instead of having a terminal carboxylic acid, it has an amide. Glutamine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.E., The amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Glutamine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, polar amino acid. In humans glutamine is considered a non-essential amino acid. Enzymatically, glutamine is formed by replacing a side-chain hydroxyl of glutamic acid with an amine functional group. More specifically, glutamine is synthesized by the enzyme glutamine synthetase from glutamate and ammonia. The most relevant glutamine-producing tissue are skeletal muscles, accounting for about 90% of all glutamine synthesized. Glutamine is also released, in small amounts, by the lungs and brain. In human blood, glutamine is the most abundant free amino acid. Dietary sources of glutamine include protein-rich foods such as beef, chicken, fish, dairy products, eggs, beans, beets, cabbage, spinach, carrots, parsley, vegetable juices, wheat, papaya, Brussels sprouts, celery and kale. Glutamine is one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood–brain barrier. Glutamine is often used as a supplement in weightlifting, bodybuilding, endurance and other sports, as well as by those who suffer from muscular cramps or pain, particularly elderly people. In 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved L-glutamine oral powder, marketed as Endari, to reduce severe complications of sickle cell disease in people aged five years and older with the disorder. Subjects who were treated with L-glutamine oral powder experienced fewer hospital visits for pain treated with a parenterally administered narcotic or ketorolac. The main use of glutamine within the diet of either group is as a means of replenishing the body's stores of amino acids that have been used during exercise or everyday activities. Studies which have looked into problems with excessive consumption of glutamine thus far have proved inconclusive. However, normal supplementation is healthy mainly because glutamine is supposed to be supplemented after prolonged periods of exercise (for example, a workout or exercise in which amino acids are required for use) and replenishes amino acid stores. This is one of the main reasons glutamine is recommended during fasting or for people who suffer from physical trauma, immune deficiencies, or cancer. There is a significant body of evidence that links glutamine-enriched diets with positive intestinal effects. These include maintenance of gut barrier function, aiding intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as generally reducing septic morbidity and the symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). The reason for such "cleansing" properties is thought to stem from the fact that the intestinal extraction rate of glutamine is higher than that for other amino acids, and is therefore thought to be the most viable option when attempting to alleviate conditions relating to the gastrointestinal tract. These conditions were discovered after comparing plasma concentration within the gut between glutamine-enriched and non glutamine-enriched diets. However, even though glutamine is thought to have "cleansing" properties and effects, it is unknown to what extent glutamine has clinical benefits, due to the varied concentrations of glutamine in varieties of food. It is also known that glutamine has positive effects in reducing healing time after operations. Hospital waiting times after abdominal surgery are reduced by providing parenteral nutrition regimens containing amounts of glutamine to patients. Clinical trials have revealed that patients on supplementation regimes containing glutamine have improved nitrogen balances, generation of cysteinyl-leukotrienes from polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes and improved lymphocyte recovery and intestinal permeability (in postoperative patients) - in comparison to those who had no glutamine within their dietary regime; all without any side-effects.
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)


  Mrv1652309042000042D          

 10  9  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.0606    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -1.0018    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4290    1.0607    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
 10  2  2  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  9  1  1  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

HMDB0000641
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.6330    0.4906    0.5621 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4583   -0.0788   -0.0185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5530   -0.9215   -0.9387 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1098    0.3071    0.4464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0503   -0.4406   -0.3328 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2970    0.0318    0.2262 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4045    1.4630    0.0312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4271   -0.6573   -0.4057 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5092   -1.9063   -0.3432 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3908    0.0547   -1.0619 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6138    0.8376    1.5548 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4808    0.5380   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0140    1.4004    0.3077 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0489    0.1153    1.5230 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1697   -1.5276   -0.1904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1045   -0.2202   -1.4083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3260   -0.2268    1.3180 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3176    1.7702    0.3995 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3518    1.6516   -0.9788 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2120    0.4698   -0.6492 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  5 15  1  0
  5 16  1  0
  6 17  1  1
  7 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
 10 20  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)


  Mrv1652309042000042D          

 10  9  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   -2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1434   -0.1768    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.0000    0.2357    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7145   -0.1768    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4289    1.0606    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.7144   -1.0018    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.4290    1.0607    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
 10  2  2  0  0  0  0
  3  8  2  0  0  0  0
  4  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  3  1  0  0  0  0
  5  9  1  1  0  0  0
  6  5  1  0  0  0  0
  7  2  1  0  0  0  0
  7  6  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0000627

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N

> <FORMULA>
C5H10N2O3

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
146.1445

> <EXACT_MASS>
146.069142196

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
20

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
13.868279050213307

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
3

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-3.32

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-4.001133405103188

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.17

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
0

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
16.24489083303041

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
2.14714261629068

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
9.312090619392574

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
106.41

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
33.1099

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
4

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
9.78e+01 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
L-glutamine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

HMDB0000641
     RDKit          3D
L-Glutamine
 20 19  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
   -3.6330    0.4906    0.5621 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.4583   -0.0788   -0.0185 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5530   -0.9215   -0.9387 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.1098    0.3071    0.4464 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0503   -0.4406   -0.3328 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.2970    0.0318    0.2262 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4045    1.4630    0.0312 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4271   -0.6573   -0.4057 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.5092   -1.9063   -0.3432 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.3908    0.0547   -1.0619 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6138    0.8376    1.5548 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4808    0.5380   -0.0414 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0140    1.4004    0.3077 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0489    0.1153    1.5230 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1697   -1.5276   -0.1904 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1045   -0.2202   -1.4083 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3260   -0.2268    1.3180 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3176    1.7702    0.3995 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3518    1.6516   -0.9788 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.2120    0.4698   -0.6492 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  2  4  1  0
  4  5  1  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  1  0
  6  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  8 10  1  0
  1 11  1  0
  1 12  1  0
  4 13  1  0
  4 14  1  0
  5 15  1  0
  5 16  1  0
  6 17  1  1
  7 18  1  0
  7 19  1  0
 10 20  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 04-SEP-20   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    NULL                                                        
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   04-SEP-20         0                                  
HETATM    1  N   UNK     0      -4.001  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -2.667   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  C   UNK     0       2.667   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    4  O   UNK     0       4.001  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0       1.334  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0       0.000   0.440   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      -1.334  -0.330   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  O   UNK     0       2.667   1.980   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    9  N   UNK     0       1.334  -1.870   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   10  O   UNK     0      -2.667   1.980   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2                                                            
CONECT    2    1   10    7                                                  
CONECT    3    8    4    5                                                  
CONECT    4    3                                                            
CONECT    5    3    9    6                                                  
CONECT    6    5    7                                                       
CONECT    7    2    6                                                       
CONECT    8    3                                                            
CONECT    9    5                                                            
CONECT   10    2                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   10    0   18    0
END
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3D PDB for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

COMPND    HMDB0000641
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1      -3.633   0.491   0.562  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1      -2.458  -0.079  -0.018  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  O1  UNL     1      -2.553  -0.922  -0.939  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1      -1.110   0.307   0.446  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  C3  UNL     1      -0.050  -0.441  -0.333  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    6  C4  UNL     1       1.297   0.032   0.226  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  N2  UNL     1       1.404   1.463   0.031  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    8  C5  UNL     1       2.427  -0.657  -0.406  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    9  O2  UNL     1       2.509  -1.906  -0.343  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   10  O3  UNL     1       3.391   0.055  -1.062  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   11  H1  UNL     1      -3.614   0.838   1.555  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   12  H2  UNL     1      -4.481   0.538  -0.041  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   13  H3  UNL     1      -1.014   1.400   0.308  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H4  UNL     1      -1.049   0.115   1.523  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H5  UNL     1      -0.170  -1.528  -0.190  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H6  UNL     1      -0.104  -0.220  -1.408  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H7  UNL     1       1.326  -0.227   1.318  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   18  H8  UNL     1       2.318   1.770   0.400  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   19  H9  UNL     1       1.352   1.652  -0.979  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   20  H10 UNL     1       4.212   0.470  -0.649  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   11   12
CONECT    2    3    3    4
CONECT    4    5   13   14
CONECT    5    6   15   16
CONECT    6    7    8   17
CONECT    7   18   19
CONECT    8    9    9   10
CONECT   10   20
END
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SMILES for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
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INCHI for NP0000627 (L-Glutamine)

InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
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View in JSmol
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acidChEBI
(2S)-2-Amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acidChEBI
(S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acidChEBI
Glutamic acid 5-amideChEBI
Glutamic acid amideChEBI
GLUTAMINEChEBI
L-(+)-GlutamineChEBI
L-2-Aminoglutaramic acidChEBI
L-Glutamic acid gamma-amideChEBI
L-GlutaminChEBI
L-Glutaminsaeure-5-amidChEBI
LevoglutamideChEBI
QChEBI
EndariKegg
NutrestoreKegg
(2S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoateGenerator
(2S)-2-Amino-4-carbamoylbutanoateGenerator
(S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoateGenerator
Glutamate 5-amideGenerator
Glutamate amideGenerator
L-2-AminoglutaramateGenerator
L-Glutamate g-amideGenerator
L-Glutamate gamma-amideGenerator
L-Glutamate γ-amideGenerator
L-Glutamic acid g-amideGenerator
L-Glutamic acid γ-amideGenerator
2-Aminoglutaramic acidHMDB
CebrogenHMDB
gamma-GlutamineHMDB
GlavaminHMDB
GluminHMDB
L-2-Aminoglutaramidic acidHMDB
L-Glutamic acid 5-amideHMDB
L-GlutamidHMDB
L-GlutamideHMDB
LevoglutamidHMDB
LevoglutamidaHMDB
LevoglutamidumHMDB
LevoglutaminaHMDB
PolyglutamineHMDB
StimulinaHMDB
D-GlutamineHMDB
D GlutamineHMDB
L GlutamineHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H10N2O3
Average Mass146.1445 Da
Monoisotopic Mass146.06914 Da
IUPAC Name(2S)-2-amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid
Traditional NameL-glutamine
CAS Registry Number56-85-9
SMILES
N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10N2O3/c6-3(5(9)10)1-2-4(7)8/h3H,1-2,6H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)/t3-/m0/s1
InChI KeyZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated)Ahselim2022-02-10View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated)varshavi.d26@gmail.comNot AvailableNot Available2021-08-02View Spectrum
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Abelmoschus esculentusFooDB
Actinidia chinensisFooDB
Agaricus bisporusFooDB
AgaveFooDB
Allium ampeloprasumFooDB
Allium ascalonicumFooDB
Allium cepaFooDB
Allium cepa L.FooDB
Allium fistulosumFooDB
Allium sativumFooDB
Allium schoenoprasumFooDB
Allium tuberosumFooDB
Aloysia triphyllaFooDB
AmaranthusFooDB
Amelanchier alnifoliaFooDB
Anacardium occidentaleFooDB
Ananas comosusFooDB
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anethum graveolensFooDB
Angelica keiskeiFooDB
Annona cherimolaFooDB
Annona muricataFooDB
Annona reticulataFooDB
Annona squamosaFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Anthriscus cerefoliumFooDB
Antirrhinum majusLOTUS Database
Apium graveolensFooDB
Apium graveolens var. dulceFooDB
Apium graveolens var. rapaceumFooDB
Apium graveolens var. secalinumFooDB
Arabidopsis thalianaKNApSAcK Database
Arachis hypogaeaFooDB
Arctium lappaFooDB
Armoracia rusticanaFooDB
Artemisia dracunculusFooDB
Artemisia vulgarisFooDB
Artocarpus altilisFooDB
Artocarpus heterophyllusFooDB
Asparagus officinalisFooDB
Attalea speciosaFooDB
Auricularia auricula-judaeFooDB
Auricularia polytrichaFooDB
Avena sativa L.FooDB
Averrhoa carambolaFooDB
Basella albaFooDB
Benincasa hispidaFooDB
Bertholletia excelsaFooDB
Beta vulgarisFooDB
Beta vulgaris ssp. ciclaFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Borago officinalisFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Brassica alboglabraFooDB
Brassica junceaFooDB
Brassica napusFooDB
Brassica napus var. napusFooDB
Brassica oleraceaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. botrytisFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. capitataFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. gemmiferaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodesFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. italicaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. sabaudaFooDB
Brassica oleracea var. viridisFooDB
Brassica rapaFooDB
Brassica rapa ssp. chinensisFooDB
Brassica rapa var. pekinensisFooDB
Brassica rapa var. rapaFooDB
Brassica ruvoFooDB
Brosimum alicastrumFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Byrsonima crassifoliaFooDB
Cajanus cajanFooDB
Canarium ovatumFooDB
Cannabis sativaCannabisDB
      Not Available
Cantharellus cibariusFooDB
Capparis spinosaFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
Capsicum annuumFooDB
Capsicum annuum L.FooDB
Capsicum annuum var. annuumFooDB
Capsicum chinenseFooDB
Capsicum pubescensFooDB
Carica papaya L.FooDB
Carissa macrocarpaFooDB
Carthamus tinctoriusFooDB
Carum carviFooDB
CaryaFooDB
Carya illinoinensisFooDB
CastaneaFooDB
Castanea crenataFooDB
Castanea mollissimaFooDB
Castanea sativaFooDB
Catharanthus roseusLOTUS Database
Ceratonia siliquaFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
Chamaemelum nobileFooDB
Chamerion angustifoliumFooDB
Chenopodium albumFooDB
Chenopodium quinoaFooDB
Chlamydomonas reinhardtiiLOTUS Database
Chrysanthemum coronariumFooDB
Cicer arietinumFooDB
Cichorium endiviaFooDB
Cichorium intybusFooDB
CinnamomumFooDB
Cinnamomum aromaticumFooDB
Cinnamomum verumFooDB
CirsiumFooDB
Citrullus lanatusFooDB
Citrus ×limon (L.) Burm. f. (pro sp.)FooDB
Citrus aurantiifoliaFooDB
Citrus latifoliaFooDB
Citrus limonFooDB
Citrus maximaFooDB
Citrus paradisiFooDB
Citrus reticulataFooDB
Citrus X sinensis (L.) Osbeck (pro. sp.)FooDB
Cocos nuciferaFooDB
Coffea arabica L.FooDB
Coffea canephoraFooDB
Colocasia esculentaFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Corchorus olitoriusFooDB
Coriandrum sativum L.FooDB
CorylusFooDB
Corylus avellanaFooDB
Crateva religiosaFooDB
Crocus sativusFooDB
Cucumis meloFooDB
Cucumis metuliferusFooDB
Cucumis sativus L.FooDB
CucurbitaFooDB
Cucurbita maximaFooDB
Cucurbita moschataFooDB
Cuminum cyminumFooDB
Curcuma longaFooDB
Cycas rumphiiLOTUS Database
Cydonia oblongaFooDB
Cymbopogon citratusFooDB
Cynara cardunculusFooDB
Cynara scolymusFooDB
Daphnia pulexLOTUS Database
Daucus carotaFooDB
Daucus carota ssp. sativusFooDB
Dimocarpus longanFooDB
DioscoreaFooDB
Dioscorea pentaphyllaFooDB
DiospyrosFooDB
Diospyros kakiFooDB
Diospyros virginianaFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Durio zibethinusFooDB
Dysphania ambrosioidesFooDB
ElaeisFooDB
Eleocharis dulcisFooDB
Elettaria cardamomumFooDB
Empetrum nigrumFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Eragrostis tefFooDB
Eriobotrya japonicaFooDB
Eruca vesicaria subsp. SativaFooDB
Eugenia javanicaFooDB
Eugenia unifloraFooDB
Eutrema japonicumFooDB
Fagopyrum esculentumFooDB
Fagopyrum tataricumFooDB
FagusFooDB
Feijoa sellowianaFooDB
Ficus caricaFooDB
Flammulina velutipesFooDB
Foeniculum vulgareFooDB
Fragaria x ananassaFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Garcinia mangostanaFooDB
Gaylussacia baccataFooDB
Ginkgo bilobaFooDB
Glycine maxFooDB
GossypiumFooDB
Grifola frondosaFooDB
Hedysarum alpinumFooDB
Helianthus annuus L.FooDB
Helianthus tuberosusFooDB
Hibiscus sabbariffaFooDB
Hippophae rhamnoidesFooDB
Homo sapiensLOTUS Database
Hordeum vulgareFooDB
Hyssopus officinalis L.FooDB
Illicium verumFooDB
Ipomoea aquaticaFooDB
Ipomoea batatasFooDB
JuglansFooDB
Juglans ailanthifoliaFooDB
Juglans cinereaFooDB
Juglans nigra L.FooDB
Juglans regiaFooDB
Lablab purpureusFooDB
Lactuca sativaFooDB
Lagenaria sicerariaFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
Lathyrus sativusFooDB
Laurus nobilis L.FooDB
Lens culinarisFooDB
Lentinus edodesFooDB
Lepidium sativumFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Levisticum officinaleFooDB
Linum usitatissimumFooDB
Litchi chinensisFooDB
Lotus corniculatusLOTUS Database
Luffa aegyptiacaFooDB
LupinusFooDB
Lupinus albusFooDB
MacadamiaFooDB
Macadamia tetraphyllaFooDB
Malpighia emarginataFooDB
MalusFooDB
Malus pumilaFooDB
Mammea americanaFooDB
Mangifera indicaFooDB
Manihot esculentaFooDB
Manilkara zapotaFooDB
Maranta arundinaceaFooDB
Matricaria recutitaFooDB
Matteuccia struthiopterisFooDB
Medicago sativaFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Melissa officinalis L.FooDB
MenthaFooDB
Mentha aquaticaFooDB
Mentha arvensisFooDB
Mentha spicataFooDB
Mentha x piperitaFooDB
Mespilus germanicaFooDB
Metroxylon saguFooDB
Momordica charantiaFooDB
MorchellaceaeFooDB
Morella rubraFooDB
Moringa oleiferaFooDB
MorusFooDB
Morus nigraFooDB
Mus musculusLOTUS Database
Musa acuminataFooDB
Musa x paradisiacaFooDB
MyricaFooDB
Myristica fragransFooDB
NelumboFooDB
Nelumbo nuciferaFooDB
Nephelium lappaceumFooDB
Neptunea antiquaLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
Nuphar luteaFooDB
Ocimum basilicumFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
Oenothera biennisFooDB
Olea europaeaFooDB
OpuntiaFooDB
Opuntia cochenilliferaFooDB
Opuntia ficus-indicaLOTUS Database
Opuntia macrorhizaFooDB
Origanum majoranaFooDB
Origanum onitesFooDB
Origanum vulgareFooDB
Origanum X majoricumFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Oryza rufipogonFooDB
Oryza sativaFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
Pachyrhizus erosusFooDB
Panax ginsengFooDB
Pangium eduleFooDB
Panicum miliaceumFooDB
Passiflora edulisFooDB
Passiflora incarnataLOTUS Database
Pastinaca sativaFooDB
Pediomelum esculentumFooDB
Perideridia oreganaFooDB
Persea americanaFooDB
Petasites japonicusFooDB
Petroselinum crispumFooDB
Phaseolus coccineusFooDB
Phaseolus lunatusFooDB
Phaseolus vulgarisFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Phoenix dactyliferaFooDB
Photinia melanocarpaFooDB
Phyllostachys edulisFooDB
PhysalisFooDB
Physalis philadelphica var. immaculataFooDB
Phytolacca americanaFooDB
Pimenta dioicaFooDB
Pimpinella anisumFooDB
PinusFooDB
Pinus densifloraLOTUS Database
Pinus edulisFooDB
Pinus ponderosaLOTUS Database
Piper nigrum L.FooDB
Pistacia veraFooDB
Pisum sativumFooDB
Pleurotus ostreatusFooDB
Polygonum alpinumFooDB
Populus tremulaLOTUS Database
Portulaca oleraceaFooDB
Pouteria sapotaFooDB
Prunus armeniacaFooDB
Prunus aviumFooDB
Prunus avium L.FooDB
Prunus cerasusFooDB
Prunus domesticaFooDB
Prunus dulcisFooDB
Prunus persicaFooDB
Prunus persica var. nucipersicaFooDB
Prunus persica var. persicaFooDB
Prunus tomentosaFooDB
Prunus virginianaFooDB
Psidium cattleianumFooDB
Psidium guajavaFooDB
Psophocarpus tetragonolobusFooDB
Punica granatumFooDB
Pyrus communisFooDB
Pyrus pyrifoliaFooDB
QuercusFooDB
Raphanus sativusFooDB
Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatusFooDB
Raphanus sativus var. sativusFooDB
Rheum rhabarbarumFooDB
Ribes aureumFooDB
Ribes glandulosumFooDB
Ribes nigrumFooDB
Ribes rubrumFooDB
Ribes uva-crispaFooDB
RosaFooDB
Rubus arcticusFooDB
Rubus chamaemorusFooDB
Rubus idaeusFooDB
Rubus occidentalisFooDB
Rubus spectabilisFooDB
RumexFooDB
Rumex acetosaFooDB
Rumex articusFooDB
Sagittaria latifoliaFooDB
Salix pulchraFooDB
Salvia elegansFooDB
Salvia hispanicaFooDB
Salvia officinalisFooDB
Salvia rosmarinusFooDB
Sambucus nigraFooDB
Sambucus nigra L.FooDB
Satureja hortensis L.FooDB
Satureja montanaFooDB
Scorzonera hispanicaFooDB
Secale cerealeFooDB
Sechium eduleFooDB
Sesamum indicumFooDB
Sesbania bispinosaFooDB
Sinapis albaFooDB
SisymbriumFooDB
Solanum lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiformeFooDB
Solanum lycopersicum var. lycopersicumFooDB
Solanum melongenaFooDB
Solanum quitoenseFooDB
Solanum tuberosumFooDB
Sorbus aucupariaFooDB
Sorghum bicolorFooDB
Spinacia oleraceaFooDB
Stangeria eriopusLOTUS Database
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Syzygium aromaticumFooDB
Syzygium cuminiFooDB
Syzygium jambosFooDB
Tamarindus indicaFooDB
Taraxacum officinaleFooDB
Tetragonia tetragonioidesFooDB
Thalassiosira pseudonanaLOTUS Database
ThelespermaFooDB
Thymus pulegioidesFooDB
Thymus transcaucasicusLOTUS Database
Thymus vulgarisFooDB
Tilia cordataFooDB
Tilia L.FooDB
Tragopogon porrifoliusFooDB
Trigonella foenum-graecumFooDB
TriticumFooDB
Triticum aestivumKNApSAcK Database
Triticum durumFooDB
Triticum speltaFooDB
Triticum turanicumFooDB
Trypanosoma bruceiLOTUS Database
Typha angustifoliaFooDB
VacciniumFooDB
Vaccinium angustifoliumFooDB
Vaccinium angustifolium X Vaccinium corymbosumFooDB
Vaccinium arboreumFooDB
Vaccinium corymbosumFooDB
Vaccinium deliciosumFooDB
Vaccinium elliottiiFooDB
Vaccinium macrocarponFooDB
Vaccinium myrtilloidesFooDB
Vaccinium myrtillusFooDB
Vaccinium ovalifoliumFooDB
Vaccinium ovatumFooDB
Vaccinium oxycoccosFooDB
Vaccinium parvifoliumFooDB
Vaccinium reticulatumFooDB
Vaccinium stamineumFooDB
Vaccinium uliginosumFooDB
Vaccinium vitis-idaeaFooDB
Valeriana officinalisLOTUS Database
Valerianella locustaFooDB
VanillaFooDB
Verbena officinalisFooDB
Viburnum eduleFooDB
Vicia fabaFooDB
Vigna aconitifoliaFooDB
Vigna angularisFooDB
Vigna mungoFooDB
Vigna radiataFooDB
Vigna umbellataFooDB
Vigna unguiculataFooDB
Vigna unguiculata ssp. cylindricaFooDB
Vigna unguiculata ssp. unguiculataFooDB
Vigna unguiculata var. sesquipedalisFooDB
VitisFooDB
Vitis aestivalisFooDB
Vitis labruscaFooDB
Vitis rotundifoliaFooDB
Vitis vinifera L.FooDB
Withania somniferaLOTUS Database
Xanthosoma sagittifoliumFooDB
Zea mays L.FooDB
Zingiber officinaleFooDB
ZizaniaFooDB
Zizania aquaticaFooDB
Ziziphus zizyphusFooDB
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Escherichia coliKNApSAcK Database
Homo sapiens (Serum)KNApSAcK Database
Homo sapiens (Urine)KNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as l-alpha-amino acids. These are alpha amino acids which have the L-configuration of the alpha-carbon atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentL-alpha-amino acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • L-alpha-amino acid
  • Fatty acid
  • Amino acid
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point185 °CNot Available
Boiling Point445.57 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility41.3 mg/mLYalkowsky, S. H., & Dannenfelser, R. M. (1992). Aquasol database of aqueous solubility. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 189.
LogP-3.64Chmelík, J., Hudecek, J., Putyera, K., Makovicka, J., Kalous, V., & Chmelíková, J. (1991). Characterization of the hydrophobic properties of amino acids on the basis of their partition and distribution coefficients in the 1-octanol-water system. Collection of Czechoslovak chemical communications, 56(10), 2030-2041.
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility97.8 g/LALOGPS
logP-3.3ALOGPS
logP-4ChemAxon
logS-0.17ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.15ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.31ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area106.41 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity33.11 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.87 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000641
DrugBank IDDB00130
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB030965
KNApSAcK IDC00001359
Chemspider ID5746
KEGG Compound IDC00064
BioCyc IDGLN
BiGG ID33714
Wikipedia LinkGlutamine
METLIN ID5614
PubChem Compound5961
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18050
Good Scents IDrw1037431
References
General References
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  23. Boza JJ, Dangin M, Moennoz D, Montigon F, Vuichoud J, Jarret A, Pouteau E, Gremaud G, Oguey-Araymon S, Courtois D, Woupeyi A, Finot PA, Ballevre O: Free and protein-bound glutamine have identical splanchnic extraction in healthy human volunteers. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2001 Jul;281(1):G267-74. [PubMed:11408280 ]
  24. Masoodi M, Peschka M, Schmiedel S, Haddad M, Frye M, Maas C, Lohse A, Huber S, Kirchhof P, Nofer JR, Renne T: Disturbed lipid and amino acid metabolisms in COVID-19 patients. J Mol Med (Berl). 2022 Jan 22. pii: 10.1007/s00109-022-02177-4. doi: 10.1007/s00109-022-02177-4. [PubMed:35064792 ]