Record Information |
---|
Version | 2.0 |
---|
Created at | 2006-02-08 11:18:35 UTC |
---|
Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:42:20 UTC |
---|
NP-MRD ID | NP0000590 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
---|
Natural Product Identification |
---|
Common Name | Tetrahydrofolic acid |
---|
Description | Tetrahydrofolate is a soluble coenzyme (vitamin B9) that is synthesized de novo by plants and microorganisms, and absorbed from the diet by animals. It is composed of three distinct parts: A pterin ring, a p-ABA (p-aminobenzoic acid) and a polyglutamate chain with a number of residues varying between 1 and 8. Only the tetra-reduced form of the molecule serves as a coenzyme for C1 transfer reactions. In biological systems, the C1-units exist under various oxidation states and the different tetrahydrofolate derivatives constitute a family of related molecules named indistinctly under the generic term folate. (PMID 16042593 ). Folate is important for cells and tissues that rapidly divide. Cancer cells divide rapidly, and drugs that interfere with folate metabolism are used to treat cancer. Methotrexate is a drug often used to treat cancer because it inhibits the production of the active form, tetrahydrofolate. Unfortunately, methotrexate can be toxic, producing side effects such as inflammation in the digestive tract that make it difficult to eat normally. -- Wikipedia; Signs of folic acid deficiency are often subtle. Diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weight loss can occur. Additional signs are weakness, sore tongue, headaches, heart palpitations, irritability, and behavioral disorders. Women with folate deficiency who become pregnant are more likely to give birth to low birth weight and premature infants, and infants with neural tube defects. In adults, anemia is a sign of advanced folate deficiency. In infants and children, folate deficiency can slow growth rate. Some of these symptoms can also result from a variety of medical conditions other than folate deficiency. It is important to have a physician evaluate these symptoms so that appropriate medical care can be given. -- Wikipedia; Folinic acid is a form of folate that can help 'rescue' or reverse the toxic effects of methotrexate. Folinic acid is not the same as folic acid. Folic acid supplements have little established role in cancer chemotherapy. There have been cases of severe adverse effects of accidental substitution of folic acid for folinic acid in patients receiving methotrexate cancer chemotherapy. It is important for anyone receiving methotrexate to follow medical advice on the use of folic or folinic acid supplements. -- Wikipedia. Low concentrations of folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6 may increase the level of homocysteine, an amino acid normally found in blood. There is evidence that an elevated homocysteine level is an independent risk factor for heart disease and stroke. The evidence suggests that high levels of homocysteine may damage coronary arteries or make it easier for blood clotting cells called platelets to clump together and form a clot. However, there is currently no evidence available to suggest that lowering homocysteine with vitamins will reduce your risk of heart disease. Clinical intervention trials are needed to determine whether supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B12 or vitamin B6 can lower your risk of developing coronary heart disease. -- Wikipedia. |
---|
Structure | NC1=NC(=O)C2=C(NC[C@H](CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)N2)N1 InChI=1S/C19H23N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,11-12,21,23H,5-8H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H4,20,22,25,26,30)/t11-,12?/m0/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
Tetrahydrofolate | Generator | (6S)-Tetrahydrofolate | HMDB | (6S)-Tetrahydrofolic acid | HMDB | 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolate | HMDB | 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydrofolic acid | HMDB | Tetra-H-folate | HMDB | Tetrahydrafolate | HMDB | Tetrahydropteroyl mono-L-glutamate | HMDB | Tetrahydropteroylglutamate | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C19H23N7O6 |
---|
Average Mass | 445.4292 Da |
---|
Monoisotopic Mass | 445.17098 Da |
---|
IUPAC Name | 2-{[4-({[(6S)-4-hydroxy-2-imino-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl]methyl}amino)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioic acid |
---|
Traditional Name | 2-{[4-({[(6S)-4-hydroxy-2-imino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H-pteridin-6-yl]methyl}amino)phenyl]formamido}pentanedioic acid |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 135-16-0 |
---|
SMILES | NC1=NC(=O)C2=C(NC[C@H](CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)N2)N1 |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C19H23N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,11-12,21,23H,5-8H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H4,20,22,25,26,30)/t11-,12?/m0/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | MSTNYGQPCMXVAQ-PXYINDEMSA-N |
---|
Experimental Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
---|
|
| Not Available | Species |
---|
Species of Origin | |
---|
Species Where Detected | |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetrahydrofolic acids. These are heterocyclic compounds based on the 5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroic acid skeleton conjugated with at least one L-glutamic acid unit. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
---|
Class | Pteridines and derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Pterins and derivatives |
---|
Direct Parent | Tetrahydrofolic acids |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Tetrahydrofolic acid
- Glutamic acid or derivatives
- Hippuric acid or derivatives
- Hippuric acid
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- Aminobenzamide
- Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
- Benzamide
- Benzoic acid or derivatives
- Benzoyl
- Phenylalkylamine
- Aniline or substituted anilines
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidone
- Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Pyrimidine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous amide
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Amino acid
- Azacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Secondary amine
- Primary amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | Not Available |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 250 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.27 g/L | Not Available | LogP | -2.7 | Not Available |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
General References | - Tchantchou F: Homocysteine metabolism and various consequences of folate deficiency. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Aug;9(4):421-7. [PubMed:16917151 ]
- Garbis SD, Melse-Boonstra A, West CE, van Breemen RB: Determination of folates in human plasma using hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2001 Nov 15;73(22):5358-64. [PubMed:11816560 ]
- Kamen BA, Smith AK: A review of folate receptor alpha cycling and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate accumulation with an emphasis on cell models in vitro. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Apr 29;56(8):1085-97. [PubMed:15094208 ]
- Zhu WY, Alliegro MA, Melera PW: The rate of folate receptor alpha (FR alpha) synthesis in folate depleted CHL cells is regulated by a translational mechanism sensitive to media folate levels, while stable overexpression of its mRNA is mediated by gene amplification and an increase in transcript half-life. J Cell Biochem. 2001 Mar 26;81(2):205-19. [PubMed:11241661 ]
- Taber LD, O'Brien P, Bowsher RR, Sportsman JR: Competitive particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay for measuring 5,10-dideaza-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid (lometrexol) in serum. Clin Chem. 1991 Feb;37(2):254-60. [PubMed:1993335 ]
- Baggott JE, Johanning GL, Branham KE, Prince CW, Morgan SL, Eto I, Vaughn WH: Cofactor role for 10-formyldihydrofolic acid. Biochem J. 1995 Jun 15;308 ( Pt 3):1031-6. [PubMed:8948466 ]
- Ramaekers VT, Rothenberg SP, Sequeira JM, Opladen T, Blau N, Quadros EV, Selhub J: Autoantibodies to folate receptors in the cerebral folate deficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 May 12;352(19):1985-91. [PubMed:15888699 ]
- Verwei M, Arkbage K, Mocking H, Havenaar R, Groten J: The binding of folic acid and 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to folate-binding proteins during gastric passage differs in a dynamic in vitro gastrointestinal model. J Nutr. 2004 Jan;134(1):31-7. [PubMed:14704289 ]
- Lu S, Chen GL, Ren C, Kwabi-Addo B, Epner DE: Methionine restriction selectively targets thymidylate synthase in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Sep 1;66(5):791-800. [PubMed:12948860 ]
- Durga J, van Boxtel MP, Schouten EG, Bots ML, Kok FJ, Verhoef P: Folate and the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C-->T mutation correlate with cognitive performance. Neurobiol Aging. 2006 Feb;27(2):334-43. Epub 2005 Feb 24. [PubMed:16399216 ]
- Smith DE, Kok RM, Teerlink T, Jakobs C, Smulders YM: Quantitative determination of erythrocyte folate vitamer distribution by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2006;44(4):450-9. [PubMed:16599840 ]
- Sahr T, Ravanel S, Rebeille F: Tetrahydrofolate biosynthesis and distribution in higher plants. Biochem Soc Trans. 2005 Aug;33(Pt 4):758-62. [PubMed:16042593 ]
|
---|