Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2020-11-24 22:16:40 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000585
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameN-Acetylneuraminic acid
DescriptionN-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) or sialic acid is an acetyl derivative of the amino sugar neuraminic acid. It occurs in many glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides in both mammals and bacteria. The most abundant sialic acid, NeuAc, is synthesized in vivo from N-acetylated D-mannosamine (ManNAc) or D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). NeuAc and its activated form, CMP-NeuAc, are biosynthesized in five consecutive reactions: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) ManNAc 6-phosphate NeuAc 9-phosphate NeuAc CMP-NeuAc. CMP-NeuAc is transported into the Golgi apparatus and, with the aid of specific sialyltransferases, added onto nonreducing positions on oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. NeuAc is widely distributed throughout human tissues and found in several fluids, including serum, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, urine, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. It is found in high levels in the brain, adrenal glands, and the heart. Serum and urine levels of the free acid are elevated in individuals suffering from renal failure. Serum and saliva Neu5Ac levels are also elevated in alcoholics. A genetic disorder known as Salla disease or infantile NeuAc storage disease is also characterized by high serum and urine levels of this compound. The negative charge of is responsible for the slippery feel of saliva and mucins coating the body's organs. This particular sialic acid is known to act as a "decoy" for invading pathogens. Along with involvement in preventing infections (mucus associated with mucous membranes — mouth, nose, GI, respiratory tract), Neu5Ac acts as a receptor for influenza viruses, allowing attachment to mucous cells via hemagglutinin (an early step in acquiring influenzavirus infection). NeuAc is also becoming known as an agent necessary for mediating ganglioside distribution and structures in the brain. Sialic acid (SA) is an N-acetylated derivative of neuraminic acid that is an abundant terminal monosaccharide of glycoconjugates. Normal human serum SA is largely bound to glycoproteins or glycolipids (Total sialic acid, TSA, 1.5-2.5 Mmol/L), with small amounts of free SA (1-3 umol/L). Negatively charged SA units stabilize glycoprotein conformation in cell surface receptors to increase cell rigidity. This enables signal recognition and adhesion to ligands, antibodies, enzymes and microbes. SA residues are antigenic determinant residues in carbohydrate chains of glycolipids and glycoproteins, chemical messengers in tissue and body fluids, and may regulate glomeruli basement membrane permeability. Sialic acids are structurally unique nine-carbon keto sugars occupying the interface between the host and commensal or pathogenic microorganisms. An important function of host sialic acid is to regulate innate immunity. Sialic acid is the moiety most actively recycled for metabolic purposes in the salvage pathways in glycosphingolipid metabolism. Sialic acid is indispensable for the neuritogenic activities of gangliosides constituents which are unique in that a sialic acid directly binds to the glucose of the cerebroside, they are mutually connected in tandem, and some are located in the internal parts of the sugar chain. Sialylation (sialic acid linked to galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, or linked to another sialic acid) represents one of the most frequently occurring terminations of the oligosaccharide chains of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The biosynthesis of the various linkages is mediated by the different members of the sialyltransferase family (PMID: 11425186 , 11287396 , 12770781 , 16624269 , 12510390 , 15007099 ).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
5-N-ACETYL-BETA-D-neuraminIC ACIDChEBI
beta-Neu5acChEBI
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[aad21122h-2b_2-6_5*ncc/3=o]/1/ChEBI
5-N-ACETYL-b-D-neuraminateGenerator
5-N-ACETYL-b-D-neuraminic acidGenerator
5-N-ACETYL-beta-D-neuraminateGenerator
5-N-ACETYL-β-D-neuraminateGenerator
5-N-ACETYL-β-D-neuraminic acidGenerator
b-Neu5acGenerator
Β-neu5acGenerator
N-AcetylneuraminateGenerator
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-b-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonateHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-b-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acidHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonateHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulosonic acidHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-beta-delta-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonateHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-beta-delta-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acidHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-2-nonulosonateHMDB
5-(Acetylamino)-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-2-nonulosonic acidHMDB
5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonateHMDB
5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulosonic acidHMDB
5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-nonulosonateHMDB
5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-nonulosonic acidHMDB
5-N-Acetyl-beta-delta-neuraminic acidHMDB
5-N-Acetyl-D-neuraminateHMDB
5-N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acidHMDB
5-N-Acetyl-delta-neuraminateHMDB
5-N-Acetyl-delta-neuraminic acidHMDB
5-N-AcetylneuraminateHMDB
5-N-Acetylneuraminic acidHMDB
AceneuramateHMDB
Aceneuramic acidHMDB
AcetylneuraminateHMDB
Acetylneuraminic acidHMDB
b-5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulopyranosonateHMDB
b-5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulopyranosonic acidHMDB
b-Sialic acidHMDB
beta-5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-nonulopyranosonateHMDB
beta-5-Acetamido-3,5-dideoxy-delta-glycero-delta-galacto-nonulopyranosonic acidHMDB
beta-Sialic acidHMDB
LactaminateHMDB
Lactaminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-b-D-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-b-D-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-b-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-beta-delta-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-beta-delta-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-beta-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-D-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-D-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-delta-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-delta-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-neuraminateHMDB
N-Acetyl-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-AcetylneuramateHMDB
N-Acetylneuramic acidHMDB
N-AcetylsialateHMDB
N-Acetylsialic acidHMDB
NANHMDB
NANAHMDB
Neu5acHMDB
Sialic acidHMDB
Acid, sialicHMDB
Acid, N-acetylneuraminicHMDB
N Acetylneuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-beta-D-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-beta-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-β-D-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetyl-β-neuraminic acidHMDB
N-Acetylneuraminic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC11H19NO9
Average Mass309.2699 Da
Monoisotopic Mass309.10598 Da
IUPAC Name(2S,4S,5R,6R)-5-acetamido-2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid
Traditional Nameβ-neu5ac
CAS Registry Number131-48-6
SMILES
CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@](O)(O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C11H19NO9/c1-4(14)12-7-5(15)2-11(20,10(18)19)21-9(7)8(17)6(16)3-13/h5-9,13,15-17,20H,2-3H2,1H3,(H,12,14)(H,18,19)/t5-,6+,7+,8+,9+,11-/m0/s1
InChI KeySQVRNKJHWKZAKO-PFQGKNLYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Artemia salinaLOTUS Database
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Homo sapiensLOTUS Database
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Escherichia coliKNApSAcK Database
Homo sapiens (Urine)KNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-acylneuraminic acids. These are neuraminic acids carrying an N-acyl substituent.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentN-acylneuraminic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-acylneuraminic acid
  • Neuraminic acid
  • C-glucuronide
  • C-glycosyl compound
  • Glycosyl compound
  • Alpha-hydroxy acid
  • Pyran
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Oxane
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Polyol
  • Alcohol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point186 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility227 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.8ALOGPS
logP-3.6ChemAxon
logS-0.13ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count9ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count7ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area176.78 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity63.78 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability27.82 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000230
DrugBank IDDB04265
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDC00019584
Chemspider ID392810
KEGG Compound IDC19910
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkN-Acetylneuraminic acid
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound445063
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID45744
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Weiss P, Tietze F, Gahl WA, Seppala R, Ashwell G: Identification of the metabolic defect in sialuria. J Biol Chem. 1989 Oct 25;264(30):17635-6. [PubMed:2808337 ]
  2. Domschke W, Lux G, Domschke S: Furan H2-antagonist ranitidine inhibits pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion stronger than cimetidine. Gastroenterology. 1980 Dec;79(6):1267-71. [PubMed:6108279 ]
  3. Bosmann HB: Platelet adhesiveness and aggregation. II. Surface sialic acid, glycoprotein: N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase, and neuraminidase of human blood platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Oct 25;279(3):456-74. [PubMed:5082512 ]
  4. Rack J, Sonnenberg A: The influence of smoking and intravenous nicotine on gastric mucus. Hepatogastroenterology. 1983 Dec;30(6):258-60. [PubMed:6676147 ]
  5. Bell JD, Brown JC, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Assignment of resonances for 'acute-phase' glycoproteins in high resolution proton NMR spectra of human blood plasma. FEBS Lett. 1987 May 11;215(2):311-5. [PubMed:2438159 ]
  6. Brusque A, Rotta L, Pettenuzzo LF, Junqueira D, Schwarzbold CV, Wyse AT, Wannmacher CM, Dutra-Filho CS, Wajner M: Chronic postnatal administration of methylmalonic acid provokes a decrease of myelin content and ganglioside N-acetylneuraminic acid concentration in cerebrum of young rats. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2001 Feb;34(2):227-31. [PubMed:11175498 ]
  7. Seppala R, Renlund M, Bernardini I, Tietze F, Gahl WA: Renal handling of free sialic acid in normal humans and patients with Salla disease or renal disease. Lab Invest. 1990 Aug;63(2):197-203. [PubMed:2381164 ]
  8. Loomis RE, Prakobphol A, Levine MJ, Reddy MS, Jones PC: Biochemical and biophysical comparison of two mucins from human submandibular-sublingual saliva. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1987 Nov 1;258(2):452-64. [PubMed:3674885 ]
  9. Nakata D, Munster AK, Gerardy-Schahn R, Aoki N, Matsuda T, Kitajima K: Molecular cloning of a unique CMP-sialic acid synthetase that effectively utilizes both deaminoneuraminic acid (KDN) and N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as substrates. Glycobiology. 2001 Aug;11(8):685-92. [PubMed:11479279 ]
  10. Suzuki M, Suzuki A, Yamakawa T, Matsunaga E: Characterization of 2,7-anhydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid in human wet cerumen. J Biochem. 1985 Feb;97(2):509-15. [PubMed:4008466 ]
  11. Baumkotter J, Cantz M, Mendla K, Baumann W, Friebolin H, Gehler J, Spranger J: N-Acetylneuraminic acid storage disease. Hum Genet. 1985;71(2):155-9. [PubMed:4043964 ]
  12. McGee DJ, Rest RF: Regulation of gonococcal sialyltransferase, lipooligosaccharide, and serum resistance by glucose, pyruvate, and lactate. Infect Immun. 1996 Nov;64(11):4630-7. [PubMed:8890217 ]
  13. Sonnenberg A, Steinkamp U, Weise A, Berges W, Wienbeck M, Rohner HG, Peter P: Salivary secretion in reflux esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1982 Oct;83(4):889-95. [PubMed:7106518 ]
  14. Riebe D, Thorn W: Influence of carbohydrate moieties of human serum transferrin on the determination of its molecular mass by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis and staining with periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Electrophoresis. 1991 Apr;12(4):287-93. [PubMed:2070783 ]
  15. Watzlawick H, Walsh MT, Ehrhard I, Slayter HS, Haupt H, Schwick HG, Jourdian GW, Hase S, Schmid K, Brossmer R: The effect of the carbohydrate moiety upon the size and conformation of human plasma galactoglycoprotein as judged by electron microscopy and circular dichroism. Structural studies of a glycoprotein after stepwise enzymic carbohydrate removal. Biochem J. 1991 Aug 1;277 ( Pt 3):753-8. [PubMed:1872812 ]
  16. Gopaul KP, Crook MA: Sialic acid: a novel marker of cardiovascular disease? Clin Biochem. 2006 Jul;39(7):667-81. Epub 2006 Apr 19. [PubMed:16624269 ]
  17. Dall'Olio F: The sialyl-alpha2,6-lactosaminyl-structure: biosynthesis and functional role. Glycoconj J. 2000 Oct;17(10):669-76. [PubMed:11425186 ]
  18. Keppler OT, Horstkorte R, Pawlita M, Schmidt C, Reutter W: Biochemical engineering of the N-acyl side chain of sialic acid: biological implications. Glycobiology. 2001 Feb;11(2):11R-18R. [PubMed:11287396 ]
  19. Tettamanti G, Bassi R, Viani P, Riboni L: Salvage pathways in glycosphingolipid metabolism. Biochimie. 2003 Mar-Apr;85(3-4):423-37. [PubMed:12770781 ]
  20. Yamada K: [Chemo-pharmaceutical studies on the glycosphingolipid constituents from echinoderm, sea cucumbers, as the medicinal materials]. Yakugaku Zasshi. 2002 Dec;122(12):1133-43. [PubMed:12510390 ]
  21. Vimr ER, Kalivoda KA, Deszo EL, Steenbergen SM: Diversity of microbial sialic acid metabolism. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2004 Mar;68(1):132-53. [PubMed:15007099 ]