Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2020-11-24 22:16:30 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000566 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | L-3-Phenyllactic acid |
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Description | L-3-Phenyllactic acid (or PLA) is a chiral aromatic compound involved in phenylalanine metabolism. It is likely produced from phenylpyruvate via the action of lactate dehydrogenase. The D-form of this organic acid is typically derived from bacterial sources while the L-form is almost certainly endogenous. Levels of phenyllactate are normally very low in blood or urine. High levels of PLA in the urine or blood are often indicative of phenylketonuria (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemia (HPA). PKU is due to lack of the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), so that phenylalanine is converted not to tyrosine but to phenylpyruvic acid (a precursor of phenylactate). In particular, excessive phenylalanine is typically metabolized into phenylketones through, a transaminase pathway route involving glutamate. Metabolites of this transamination reaction include phenylacetate, phenylpyruvate and phenethylamine. In persons with PKU, dietary phenylalanine either accumulates in the body or some of it is converted to phenylpyruvic acid and then to phenyllactate through the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Individuals with PKU tend to excrete large quantities of phenylpyruvate, phenylacetate and phenyllactate, along with phenylalanine, in their urine. If untreated, mental retardation effects and microcephaly are evident by the first year along with other symptoms which include: Unusual irritability, epileptic seizures and skin lesions. Hyperactivity, EEG abnormalities and seizures, and severe learning disabilities are major clinical problems later in life. A "musty or mousy" odor of skin, hair, sweat and urine (due to phenylacetate accumulation); and a tendency to hypopigmentation and eczema are also observed. The neural-development effects of PKU are primarily due to the disruption of neurotransmitter synthesis. In particular, phenylalanine is a large, neutral amino acid which moves across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) via the large neutral amino acid transporter (LNAAT). Excessive phenylalanine in the blood saturates the transporter. Thus, excessive levels of phenylalanine significantly decrease the levels of other LNAAs in the brain. But since these amino acids are required for protein and neurotransmitter synthesis, phenylalanine accumulation disrupts brain development, leading to mental retardation. |
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Structure | O[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8,10H,6H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(R)-Phenyllactate | ChEBI | D-3-Phenyllactic acid | ChEBI | (R)-3-(Phenyl)lactate | Kegg | (R)-Phenyllactic acid | Generator | D-3-Phenyllactate | Generator | (R)-3-(Phenyl)lactic acid | Generator | L-3-Phenyllactate | Generator | (-)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate | HMDB | (-)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid | HMDB | (-)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate | HMDB | (-)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid | HMDB | (-)-3-Phenyllactate | HMDB | (-)-3-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | (-)-b-Phenyllactate | HMDB | (-)-b-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | (-)-beta-Phenyllactate | HMDB | (-)-beta-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | (2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoate | HMDB | (2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid | HMDB | (2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionate | HMDB | (2S)-2-Hydroxy-3-phenylpropionic acid | HMDB | (S)-3-Phenyl-lactate | HMDB | (S)-3-Phenyl-lactic acid | HMDB | (S)-3-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | (S)-a-Hydroxy-benzenepropanoate | HMDB | (S)-a-Hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid | HMDB | (S)-alpha-Hydroxy-benzenepropanoate | HMDB | (S)-alpha-Hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid | HMDB | (S)-b-Phenyllactic | HMDB | (S)-beta-Phenyllactic | HMDB | alpha-Hydroxy-beta-phenyl-propionic acid | HMDB | HFA | HMDB | L-(-)-3-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | L-2-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-propionic acid | HMDB | L-beta-Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | L-Phenyl lactate | HMDB | Phenyllactic acid | HMDB | (R)-3-Phenyllactate | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C9H10O3 |
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Average Mass | 166.1739 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 166.06299 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | (R)-phenyllactate |
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CAS Registry Number | 20312-36-1 |
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SMILES | O[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H10O3/c10-8(9(11)12)6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-5,8,10H,6H2,(H,11,12)/t8-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | VOXXWSYKYCBWHO-MRVPVSSYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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Class | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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Sub Class | Not Available |
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Direct Parent | Phenylpropanoic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Hydroxy acid
- Benzenoid
- Secondary alcohol
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 121 - 125 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Tekewe A, Singh S, Singh M, Mohan U, Banerjee UC: Development and validation of HPLC method for the resolution of drug intermediates: DL-3-Phenyllactic acid, DL-O-acetyl-3-phenyllactic acid and (+/-)-mexiletine acetamide enantiomers. Talanta. 2008 Mar 15;75(1):239-45. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.11.004. Epub 2007 Nov 13. [PubMed:18371874 ]
- Sadorn K, Saepua S, Punyain W, Saortep W, Choowong W, Rachtawee P, Pittayakhajonwut P: Chromanones and aryl glucoside analogs from the entomopathogenic fungus Aschersonia confluens BCC53152. Fitoterapia. 2020 Jul;144:104606. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104606. Epub 2020 May 3. [PubMed:32376482 ]
- Yang B, Gelfanov VM, Perez-Tilve D, DuBois B, Rohlfs R, Levy J, Douros JD, Finan B, Mayer JP, DiMarchi RD: Optimization of Truncated Glucagon Peptides to Achieve Selective, High Potency, Full Antagonists. J Med Chem. 2021 Apr 22;64(8):4697-4708. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02069. Epub 2021 Apr 6. [PubMed:33821647 ]
- Uengwetwanit T, Uawisetwathana U, Arayamethakorn S, Khudet J, Chaiyapechara S, Karoonuthaisiri N, Rungrassamee W: Multi-omics analysis to examine microbiota, host gene expression and metabolites in the intestine of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) with different growth performance. PeerJ. 2020 Aug 14;8:e9646. doi: 10.7717/peerj.9646. eCollection 2020. [PubMed:32864208 ]
- Xing SC, Mi JD, Chen JY, Hu JX, Liao XD: Metabolic activity of Bacillus coagulans R11 and the health benefits of and potential pathogen inhibition by this species in the intestines of laying hens under lead exposure. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Mar 20;709:134507. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134507. Epub 2019 Dec 16. [PubMed:31881475 ]
- Menegatti C, Da Paixao Melo WG, Carrao DB, De Oliveira ARM, Do Nascimento FS, Lopes NP, Pupo MT: Paenibacillus polymyxa Associated with the Stingless Bee Melipona scutellaris Produces Antimicrobial Compounds against Entomopathogens. J Chem Ecol. 2018 Dec;44(12):1158-1169. doi: 10.1007/s10886-018-1028-z. Epub 2018 Oct 23. [PubMed:30350228 ]
- Tao H, Cui DF, Zhang YS: Synthesis and characteristics of an aspartame analogue, L-asparaginyl L-3-phenyllactic acid methyl ester. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2004 Jun;36(6):385-9. doi: 10.1093/abbs/36.6.385. [PubMed:15188052 ]
- (). Andrew D. Abell, John W. Blunt, Glenn J. Foulds and Murray H. G. Munro Chemistry of the mycalamides: antiviral and antitumour compounds from a New Zealand marine sponge. Part 6.1–3 The synthesis and testing of analogues of the C(7)–C(10) fragment. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1997, 1647 - 1654,. .
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