Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:42:09 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000538 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Melibiose |
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Description | Melibiose is disaccharide consisting of one galactose and one glucose moiety in an alpha (1-6) glycosidic linkage. This sugar is produced and metabolized only by enteric and lactic acid bacteria and other microbes. It is not an endogenous metabolite but may be obtained from the consumption of partially fermented molasses, brown sugar or honey. Antibodies to melibiose will appear in individuals affected by Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection). Melibiose is not metabolized by humans, but can be broken down by gut microflora, such as E. Coli. In fact, E. Coli is able to utilize melibiose as a sole source of carbon. Melibiose is first imported by the melibiose permease, MelB and then converted to β-D-glucose and β-D-galactose by the α-galactosidase encoded by melA. Because of its poor digestability Melibiose (along with rhamnose) can be used together for noninvasive intestinal mucosa barrier testing. This test can be used to assess malabsorption or impairment of intestinal permeability. Recent studies with dietary melibiose have shown that can strongly affected the Th cell responses to an ingested antigen. It has been suggested that melibiose could be used to enhance the induction of oral tolerance. (PMID 17986780 ). |
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Structure | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(14)8(17)10(19)12(23-3)21-2-4-6(15)7(16)9(18)11(20)22-4/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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alpha-D-Galacto-hexopyranosyl-(1->6)-alpha-D-gluco-hexopyranose | ChEBI | WURCS=2.0/2,2,1/[a2122h-1a_1-5][a2112h-1a_1-5]/1-2/a6-b1 | ChEBI | a-D-Galacto-hexopyranosyl-(1->6)-a-D-gluco-hexopyranose | Generator | Α-D-galacto-hexopyranosyl-(1->6)-α-D-gluco-hexopyranose | Generator | 6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-D-glucose | HMDB | 6-O-alpha-D-Galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranose | HMDB | 6-O-Α-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose | HMDB | 6-O-Α-D-galactopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranose | HMDB | D-(+)-Melibiose | HMDB | D-Melibiose | HMDB | alpha-D-Melibiose | HMDB | alpha-Melibiose | HMDB | Α-D-melibiose | HMDB | Α-melibiose | HMDB | Melibiose | HMDB | a-D-Galp-(1->6)-a-D-GLCP | Generator | Α-D-galp-(1->6)-α-D-GLCP | Generator |
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Chemical Formula | C12H22O11 |
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Average Mass | 342.2965 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 342.11621 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-({[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
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Traditional Name | (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-({[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol |
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CAS Registry Number | 585-99-9 |
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SMILES | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(14)8(17)10(19)12(23-3)21-2-4-6(15)7(16)9(18)11(20)22-4/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,12+/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | DLRVVLDZNNYCBX-CQHUIXDMSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | O-glycosyl compounds |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - O-glycosyl compound
- Disaccharide
- Oxane
- Secondary alcohol
- Hemiacetal
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Acetal
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 84 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 1000 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Almeida IC, Milani SR, Gorin PA, Travassos LR: Complement-mediated lysis of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes by human anti-alpha-galactosyl antibodies. J Immunol. 1991 Apr 1;146(7):2394-400. [PubMed:1706399 ]
- Sharma A, Ahmed H, Allen HJ: Isolation of a melibiose-binding protein from human spleen. Glycoconj J. 1995 Feb;12(1):17-21. [PubMed:7795409 ]
- Steuer MK, Steuer M, Bonkowsky V, Gabius HJ, Hofstadter F: Characterization of sugar receptor expression by neoglycoproteins in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1995;252(5):292-7. [PubMed:7576587 ]
- Vaughan HA, Loveland BE, Sandrin MS: Gal alpha(1,3)Gal is the major xenoepitope expressed on pig endothelial cells recognized by naturally occurring cytotoxic human antibodies. Transplantation. 1994 Oct 27;58(8):879-82. [PubMed:7524207 ]
- Barboza Junior MS, Silva TM, Guerrant RL, Lima AA: Measurement of intestinal permeability using mannitol and lactulose in children with diarrheal diseases. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1999 Dec;32(12):1499-504. [PubMed:10585631 ]
- Furukawa K, Ying R, Nakajima T, Matsuki T: Hemagglutinins in fungus extracts and their blood group specificity. Exp Clin Immunogenet. 1995;12(4):223-31. [PubMed:8919354 ]
- Gibbons RJ, Qureshi JV: Inhibition of adsorption of Streptococcus mutans strains to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite by galactose and certain amines. Infect Immun. 1979 Dec;26(3):1214-7. [PubMed:528053 ]
- Nicolopoulou A, Zoumbou K, Papageorgacopoulou N, Papapetropoulou M: Metabolic and compositional changes in Escherichia coli cells starved in seawater. Microbiol Res. 1994 Nov;149(4):343-50. [PubMed:7842233 ]
- Wu AM, Song SC, Chen YY, Gilboa-Garber N: Defining the carbohydrate specificities of aplysia gonad lectin exhibiting a peculiar D-galacturonic acid affinity. J Biol Chem. 2000 May 12;275(19):14017-24. [PubMed:10799474 ]
- Rietra PJ, Van den Bergh FA, Tager JM: Properties of the residual alpha-galactosidase activity in the tissues of a Fabry hemizygote. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Aug 4;62(3):401-13. [PubMed:809216 ]
- Colby SM, Harrington DJ, Russell RR: Identification and genetic characterisation of melibiose-negative isolates of Streptococcus mutans. Caries Res. 1995;29(5):407-12. [PubMed:8521444 ]
- Tomita K, Nagura T, Okuhara Y, Nakajima-Adachi H, Shigematsu N, Aritsuka T, Kaminogawa S, Hachimura S: Dietary melibiose regulates th cell response and enhances the induction of oral tolerance. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2007 Nov;71(11):2774-80. Epub 2007 Nov 7. [PubMed:17986780 ]
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