Np mrd loader

Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2024-09-17 15:42:06 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000533
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameHeparin
DescriptionHeparin is a highly acidic heterogeneous mucopolysaccharide consisting of a variably sulfated repeating disaccharide unit. The most common repeating unit is a trisulfated disaccharide composed of a 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid and 6-O-sulfated, N-sulfated glucosamine, IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S). Heparin is formed from equal parts sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lungs, and mast cells of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting, in vivo and in vitro, in the form of many different salts. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin. It is used to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and is given as a subcutaneous injection. Enoxaparin binds to and accelerates the activity of antithrombin III. By activating antithrombin III, enoxaparin preferentially potentiates the inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa. Factor Xa catalyzes the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, so enoxaparin's inhibition of this process results in decreased thrombin and ultimately the prevention of fibrin clot formation. Low molecular weight heparins are less effective at inactivating factor IIa due to their shorter length compared to unfractionated heparin.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
alpha-HeparinHMDB
ClivarineHMDB
Heparin sodiumHMDB
ArtevenHMDB
BemiparinHMDB
CertoparinHMDB
ClexaneHMDB
DalteparinHMDB
EnoxaparinHMDB
EparinaHMDB
FraxiparinHMDB
Heparin sulfateHMDB
Heparin sulphateHMDB
HeparinateHMDB
Heparinic acidHMDB
HeparinsodiumsaltHMDB
ThromboliquineHMDB
Chemical Formula(C12H19NO19S3)nH2O
Average MassNot Available
Monoisotopic MassNot Available
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number9005-49-6
SMILES
[H]O[C@H]1O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1NS(O)(=O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H21NO20S3/c14-4-3(13-34(20,21)22)11(19)30-2(1-29-35(23,24)25)7(4)31-12-9(33-36(26,27)28)6(16)5(15)8(32-12)10(17)18/h2-9,11-16,19H,1H2,(H,17,18)(H,20,21,22)(H,23,24,25)(H,26,27,28)/t2-,3-,4-,5+,6+,7-,8-,9-,11+,12-/m1/s1
InChI KeyOHJKXVLJWUPWQG-PNRHKHKDSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as disaccharide sulfates. These are disaccharides carrying one or more sulfate group on a sugar unit.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentDisaccharide sulfates
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Disaccharide sulfate
  • 1-o-glucuronide
  • O-glucuronide
  • Glucuronic acid or derivatives
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Sulfuric acid monoamide
  • Oxane
  • Pyran
  • Sulfuric acid monoester
  • Sulfate-ester
  • Sulfuric acid ester
  • Alkyl sulfate
  • Organic sulfuric acid or derivatives
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Acetal
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility10.8 g/LNot Available
LogP-13.2Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility14.4 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.4ALOGPS
logS-2ALOGPS
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0001394
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022599
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID7988167
KEGG Compound IDC00374
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkHeparin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound9812414
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID151315
Good Scents IDrw1370481
References
General References
  1. Brunnee T, Reddigari SR, Shibayama Y, Kaplan AP, Silverberg M: Mast cell derived heparin activates the contact system: a link to kinin generation in allergic reactions. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Jun;27(6):653-63. [PubMed:9208186 ]
  2. Betz G, Nowbakht P, Imboden R, Imanidis G: Heparin penetration into and permeation through human skin from aqueous and liposomal formulations in vitro. Int J Pharm. 2001 Oct 9;228(1-2):147-59. [PubMed:11576777 ]
  3. Sun Y, Chai TC: Effects of dimethyl sulphoxide and heparin on stretch-activated ATP release by bladder urothelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis. BJU Int. 2002 Sep;90(4):381-5. [PubMed:12175393 ]
  4. Kandrotas RJ: Heparin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1992 May;22(5):359-74. [PubMed:1505142 ]
  5. Delhumeau A, Moreau X, Chapotte C, Houi N, Bigorgne JC: Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia syndrome: an underestimated etiology of adrenal hemorrhage. Intensive Care Med. 1993;19(8):475-7. [PubMed:8294632 ]
  6. Lortat-Jacob H, Brisson C, Guerret S, Morel G: Non-receptor-mediated tissue localization of human interferon-gamma: role of heparan sulfate/heparin-like molecules. Cytokine. 1996 Jul;8(7):557-66. [PubMed:8891437 ]
  7. Harig F, Meier C, Hakami L, Strasser R, Bretzger J, Munch F, Vestweber-Wilmes E, Singer H, Weyand M, Cesnjevar R: Does the additional use of heparin-coated extracorporeal circuits (ECC) optimize the effect of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) in pediatric perfusion? Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006 Apr;54(3):168-72. [PubMed:16639677 ]
  8. Tonda R, Galan AM, Pino M, Hernandez MR, Ayats C, Pomar JL, Ordinas A, Escolar G: In vitro evaluation of platelet reactivity toward annuloplasty devices treated with heparin coating: studies under flow conditions. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2005 Oct 1;75(1):192-8. [PubMed:16044416 ]
  9. Haram K, Bjorge L, Sandset PM: Successful preconceptional prophylactic treatment with combined acetyl salicylic acid and low-molecular heparin (Fragmin) in a case of antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome with prior life-threatening hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low-platelet syndrome: a case report. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Dec;84(12):1213-4. [PubMed:16305714 ]
  10. Harding SA, Din JN, Sarma J, Josephs DH, Fox KA, Newby DE: Promotion of proinflammatory interactions between platelets and monocytes by unfractionated heparin. Heart. 2006 Nov;92(11):1635-8. Epub 2006 May 18. [PubMed:16709700 ]
  11. Christensen K, Larsson R, Emanuelsson H, Elgue G, Larsson A: Effects on blood compatibility in vitro by combining a direct P2Y12 receptor inhibitor and heparin coating of stents. Platelets. 2006 Aug;17(5):318-27. [PubMed:16928604 ]
  12. Applebaum DM, Goldberg AP, Pykalisto OJ, Brunzell JD, Hazzard WR: Effect of estrogen on post-heparin lipolytic activity. Selective decline in hepatic triglyceride lipase. J Clin Invest. 1977 Apr;59(4):601-8. [PubMed:845252 ]
  13. Yeh RW, Everett BM, Foo SY, Dorer DJ, Laposata M, Van Cott EM, Jang IK: Predictors for the development of elevated anti-heparin/platelet factor 4 antibody titers in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol. 2006 Aug 1;98(3):419-21. Epub 2006 Jun 12. [PubMed:16860036 ]
  14. Harel A, Fainaru M, Rubinstein M, Tal N, Schwartz M: Fish apolipoprotein-A-I has heparin binding activity: implication for nerve regeneration. J Neurochem. 1990 Oct;55(4):1237-43. [PubMed:2118944 ]
  15. Bengtsson E, Aspberg A, Heinegard D, Sommarin Y, Spillmann D: The amino-terminal part of PRELP binds to heparin and heparan sulfate. J Biol Chem. 2000 Dec 29;275(52):40695-702. [PubMed:11007795 ]
  16. Weaver JC, Vanbever R, Vaughan TE, Prausnitz MR: Heparin alters transdermal transport associated with electroporation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 May 29;234(3):637-40. [PubMed:9175766 ]
  17. Williams MS, Ng'alla LS: Heparin therapy leads to platelet activation and prolongation of PFA-100 closure time. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Dec;10(4):273-80. [PubMed:16382263 ]