Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:40:13 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000513 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Purine |
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Description | Purine, also known as purine base or 1H-purine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purines and purine derivatives. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring. Two of the bases in nucleic acids, adenine and guanine, are purines. Purines from food (or from tissue turnover) are metabolised by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, into uric acid. Purine exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. High levels of uric acid can predispose to gout when the acid crystalises in joints; this phenomenon only happens in humans and some animal species (e.G. Dogs) that lack an intrinsic uricase enzyme that can further degrade uric acid. In humans, purine is involved in thioguanine action pathway. Outside of the human body, purine is found, on average, in the highest concentration within cocoa beans. Purine has also been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as rapinis, plains prickly pears, blackcurrants, radish, and parsley. This could make purine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Purine base | ChEBI | 1H-Purine | HMDB | 6H-Imidazo[4,5-D]pyrimidine | HMDB | 7-Methyltheophylline | HMDB | 7H-Imidazo(4,5-D)pyrimidine | HMDB | 7H-Purine | HMDB | 9H-Purine | HMDB | beta-Purine | HMDB | Caffedrine | HMDB | Caffein | HMDB | Cafipel | HMDB | Coffeine | HMDB | Dasin | HMDB | Dexitac | HMDB | Diurex | HMDB | Durvitan | HMDB | Imidazo(4,5-D)pyrimidine | HMDB | Isopurine | HMDB | Koffein | HMDB | Mateina | HMDB | Methyltheobromine | HMDB | Phensal | HMDB | Propoxyphene compound 65 | HMDB | {6h-imidazo[4,5-D]pyrimidine} | HMDB | {7h-imidazo[4,} 5-D]pyrimidine | HMDB | {Imidazo[4,5-D]pyrimidine} | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C5H4N4 |
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Average Mass | 120.1121 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 120.04360 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 7H-purine |
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Traditional Name | purine |
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CAS Registry Number | 120-73-0 |
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SMILES | N1C=NC2=C1C=NC=N2 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H4N4/c1-4-5(8-2-6-1)9-3-7-4/h1-3H,(H,6,7,8,9) |
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InChI Key | KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-01 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as purines and purine derivatives. These are aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a purine moiety, which is formed a pyrimidine-ring ring fused to an imidazole ring. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Imidazopyrimidines |
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Sub Class | Purines and purine derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Purines and purine derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Purine
- Pyrimidine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Imidazole
- Azole
- Azacycle
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 214 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 500 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | -0.37 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Gudbjornsson B, Zak A, Niklasson F, Hallgren R: Hypoxanthine, xanthine, and urate in synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory arthritides. Ann Rheum Dis. 1991 Oct;50(10):669-72. [PubMed:1958086 ]
- Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Cheng J, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Ka T, Hada T: Effect of inosine on the plasma concentration of uridine and purine bases. Metabolism. 2002 Apr;51(4):438-42. [PubMed:11912550 ]
- van Os S, de Abreu R, Hopman J, Wethly K, Liem D, van de Bor M: Purine and pyrimidine metabolism and electrocortical brain activity during hypoxemia in near-term lambs. Pediatr Res. 2004 Jun;55(6):1018-25. Epub 2004 Mar 17. [PubMed:15028845 ]
- Yegutkin GG, Samburski SS, Jalkanen S: Soluble purine-converting enzymes circulate in human blood and regulate extracellular ATP level via counteracting pyrophosphatase and phosphotransfer reactions. FASEB J. 2003 Jul;17(10):1328-30. Epub 2003 May 20. [PubMed:12759341 ]
- Nakashima K, Inoue K, Mayahara K, Kuroda N, Hamachi Y, Akiyama S: Use of 3-(1,8-naphthalimido)propyl-modified silyl silica gel as a stationary phase for the high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of purine derivatives. J Chromatogr A. 1996 Jan 26;722(1-2):107-13. [PubMed:9019292 ]
- Schmidt H, Siems WG, Grune T, Grauel EL: Concentration of purine compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid of infants suffering from sepsis, convulsions and hydrocephalus. J Perinat Med. 1995;23(3):167-74. [PubMed:8568608 ]
- Lyoo IK, Demopulos CM, Hirashima F, Ahn KH, Renshaw PF: Oral choline decreases brain purine levels in lithium-treated subjects with rapid-cycling bipolar disorder: a double-blind trial using proton and lithium magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bipolar Disord. 2003 Aug;5(4):300-6. [PubMed:12895208 ]
- Burnstock G: Purine-mediated signalling in pain and visceral perception. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2001 Apr;22(4):182-8. [PubMed:11282418 ]
- Witte DP, Wiginton DA, Hutton JJ, Aronow BJ: Coordinate developmental regulation of purine catabolic enzyme expression in gastrointestinal and postimplantation reproductive tracts. J Cell Biol. 1991 Oct;115(1):179-90. [PubMed:1918135 ]
- Shore PM, Jackson EK, Wisniewski SR, Clark RS, Adelson PD, Kochanek PM: Vascular endothelial growth factor is increased in cerebrospinal fluid after traumatic brain injury in infants and children. Neurosurgery. 2004 Mar;54(3):605-11; discussion 611-2. [PubMed:15028134 ]
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