Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-08-13 16:44:29 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:42:04 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000505 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/2605 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | (-)-Limonene |
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Description | Limonene is a monoterpene with a clear colourless liquid at room temperature, a naturally occurring chemical which is the major component in oil of oranges. Limonene is widely used as a flavour and fragrance and is listed to be generally recognized as safe in food by the Food and Drug Administration (21 CFR 182.60 In the Code of Federal Regulations, U.S.A.). Limonene is a botanical (plant-derived) solvent of low toxicity. Mild skin irritation may occur from exposure to limonene and oxidation products of limonene may produce dermal sensitization, and may have irritative and bronchoconstrictive airway effects; however, data are scant and more studies are required. Limonene has been shown to cause a male rat-specific kidney toxicity referred to as hyaline droplet nephropathy. Furthermore, chronic exposure to limonene causes a significant incidence of renal tubular tumours exclusively in male rats. Limonene is one of the active components of dietary phytochemicals that appears to be protective against cancer (PMID: 16563357 , 15499193 , 15325315 , 2024047 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(-)-(S)-Limonene | ChEBI | (-)-(4S)-Limonene | ChEBI | (4S)-1-Methyl-4-isopropenylcyclohex-1-ene | ChEBI | (4S)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | ChEBI | (S)-(-)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene | ChEBI | (S)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | ChEBI | (S)-p-Mentha-1,8-diene | ChEBI | 4AlphaH-p-mentha-1,8-diene | ChEBI | L-Limonen | ChEBI | L-Limonene | ChEBI | (4S)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene | Kegg | 4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene | HMDB | Limonene | HMDB | (+)-Limonene | HMDB | AISA 5203-L (+)limonene | HMDB | Dipentene | HMDB | 1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | HMDB | Limonene, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | (D)-Limonene | HMDB | 4-Mentha-1,8-diene | HMDB | Limonene, (S)-isomer | HMDB | Limonene, (R)-isomer | HMDB | (R)-(+)-Limonene | HMDB | (R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | HMDB | (+)-(R)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methylcyclohexene | HMDB | (4R)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | HMDB | D-Limonene | HMDB | 4 Mentha 1,8 diene | HMDB | D Limonene | HMDB | (-)-alpha-Limonene | HMDB | (-)-Α-limonene | HMDB | (4S)-1-Methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)cyclohexene | HMDB | (4S)-Limonene | HMDB | (S)-(-)-Limonene | HMDB | (S)-1-Methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene | HMDB | (S)-4-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-1-cyclohexene | HMDB | (S)-Limonene | HMDB | beta-Limonene | HMDB | L-Carvene | HMDB | Β-limonene | HMDB | (-)-Limonene | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C10H16 |
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Average Mass | 136.2340 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 136.12520 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (4S)-1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohex-1-ene |
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Traditional Name | (-)-limonene |
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CAS Registry Number | 5989-27-5 |
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SMILES | CC(=C)[C@H]1CCC(C)=CC1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16/c1-8(2)10-6-4-9(3)5-7-10/h4,10H,1,5-7H2,2-3H3/t10-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | XMGQYMWWDOXHJM-SNVBAGLBSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum | HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum | COSY NMR | [1H, 1H] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600.133705802, CDCl3, simulated) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-05-16 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as menthane monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenoids with a structure based on the o-, m-, or p-menthane backbone. P-menthane consists of the cyclohexane ring with a methyl group and a (2-methyl)-propyl group at the 1 and 4 ring position, respectively. The o- and m- menthanes are much rarer, and presumably arise by alkyl migration of p-menthanes. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Prenol lipids |
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Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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Direct Parent | Menthane monoterpenoids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - P-menthane monoterpenoid
- Monocyclic monoterpenoid
- Branched unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Cycloalkene
- Cyclic olefin
- Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon
- Unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Olefin
- Hydrocarbon
- Aliphatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | -74.3 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | 176.00 to 177.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | Water Solubility | 0.014 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 4.57 | Li, J., Perdue, E.M. (1995) Physicochemical properties of selected monoterpenes. Pre-print Extended Abstract, Presented Before The Division of Environmental Chemistry, Amer Chem Soc, Anaheim, Ca: April 2-7 |
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Predicted Properties | |
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