Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:41:57 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000465 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 3,5-Diiodothyronine |
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Description | 3,5-Diiodothyronine, also known as 3,5-T2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanines and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. It is also a member of the class of compounds known as iodothyronines. Iodothyronines are phenolic amino acids with iodine substituents. 3,5-Diiodothyronine is a metabolite of the two main thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine). It is a biologically active iodothyronine with mitochondria and bioenergetic mechanisms being the major targets of 3,5-T2. Nanomolar concentrations of 3,5-T2 significantly increases cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity (PMID: 30090086 ). It increases COX activity by preventing the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an allosteric inhibitor. At 1 pM concentration, 3,5-T2 stimulates oxygen consumption more rapidly than thyroxine (T3). A case report involving two human participants revealed that administration of 3,5-T2 to humans (1–5 ug/kg BW) rapidly (after 4–6 h) increased resting metabolic rate. Chronic 3,5-T2 administration (28 days, approximately 5 ug/kg BW) increased resting metabolic rate by approximately 15% and decreased body weight by approximately 4 kg in both participants (PMID: 22217997 ). 3,5-T2 stimulates the thyroid receptor (TR)-beta receptor for thyroid hormones and thus increases energy expenditure. It has agonistic (thyromimetic) effects on myocardial tissue and on the pituitary, which results in 3,5-T2 suppressing thyroid stimulating hormone release. |
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Structure | NC(CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C15H13I2NO4/c16-11-5-8(7-13(18)15(20)21)6-12(17)14(11)22-10-3-1-9(19)2-4-10/h1-6,13,19H,7,18H2,(H,20,21) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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35-Diiodothyronine | HMDB | (3,5-Diiodo-4-(-p-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl)-alanine | HMDB | 3',5'-Diiodothyronine | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodo-D-thyronine | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodo-DL-thryronine | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodo-DL-thyronine | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronine | HMDB | 3,5-T2 | HMDB | 4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenylalanine | HMDB | D-O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosine | HMDB | Diiodo-L-thyronine | HMDB | Diiodothyronine | HMDB | DL-3,5-Diiodothyronine | HMDB | DL-Diiodothyronine | HMDB | L-3,5-Diiodothyronine | HMDB | L-O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosine | HMDB | O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosine | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodothyronine, (L)-isomer | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodothyronine, (DL)-isomer | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoate | HMDB | 3,5-Diiodothyronine | MeSH |
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Chemical Formula | C15H13I2NO4 |
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Average Mass | 525.0770 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 524.89339 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | 3,5-diiodo-dl-thryronine |
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CAS Registry Number | 534-51-0 |
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SMILES | NC(CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H13I2NO4/c16-11-5-8(7-13(18)15(20)21)6-12(17)14(11)22-10-3-1-9(19)2-4-10/h1-6,13,19H,7,18H2,(H,20,21) |
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InChI Key | ZHSOTLOTTDYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Phenylalanine and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenylalanine or derivatives
- Diphenylether
- Diaryl ether
- 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Alpha-amino acid
- Amphetamine or derivatives
- Phenoxy compound
- Phenol ether
- Iodobenzene
- Halobenzene
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Aralkylamine
- Aryl iodide
- Aryl halide
- Benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Amino acid
- Ether
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organohalogen compound
- Organoiodide
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Primary amine
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Goglia F: Biological effects of 3,5-diiodothyronine (T(2)). Biochemistry (Mosc). 2005 Feb;70(2):164-72. [PubMed:15807655 ]
- Nishikawa M, Inada M, Naito K, Ishii H, Tanaka K, Mashio Y, Imura H: Serum concentrations of 3, 3'-diiodothyronine, 3', 5'-diiodothyronine, and 3, 5-diiodothyronine in altered thyroid states. Endocrinol Jpn. 1983 Apr;30(2):167-72. [PubMed:6641638 ]
- Takeshita A: [Monoiodothyronine and diiodothyronine]. Nihon Rinsho. 1999 Dec;57 Suppl:86-9. [PubMed:10778070 ]
- Pinna G, Meinhold H, Hiedra L, Thoma R, Hoell T, Graf KJ, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Eravci M, Prengel H, Brodel O, Finke R, Baumgartner A: Elevated 3,5-diiodothyronine concentrations in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses and brain tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1535-42. [PubMed:9141546 ]
- Martinez MB, Ruan M, Fitzpatrick LA: Altered response to thyroid hormones by breast and ovarian cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;20(6B):4141-6. [PubMed:11205239 ]
- Faber J, Heaf J, Kirkegaard C, Lumholtz IB, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Kolendorf K, Friis T: Simultaneous turnover studies of thyroxine, 3,5,3' and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, 3,5-, 3,3'-, and 3',5'- diiodothyronine, and 3'-monoiodothyronine in chronic renal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Feb;56(2):211-7. [PubMed:6401746 ]
- Kirkegaard C, Faber J, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T: A radioimmunoassay of serum 3,5-diiodothyronine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981 Jun;97(2):196-201. [PubMed:7234287 ]
- Jaedig S, Faber J: The effect of starvation and refeeding with oral versus intravenous glucose on serum 3,5-,3,3'-and 3'-5'-diiodothyronine and 3'-monoiodothyronine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1982 Jul;100(3):388-92. [PubMed:7113605 ]
- Engler D, Merkelbach U, Steiger G, Burger AG: The monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in man: a quantitative evaluation of the pathway by the use of turnover rate techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Jan;58(1):49-61. [PubMed:6689682 ]
- Baur A, Bauer K, Jarry H, Kohrle J: 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine stimulates type 1 5'deiodinase activity in rat anterior pituitaries in vivo and in reaggregate cultures and GH3 cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3242-8. [PubMed:9231774 ]
- Hommel E, Faber J, Kirkegaard C, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T: Urinary excretion of unconjugated and conjugated 3,5-diiodothyronine. Horm Metab Res. 1985 Feb;17(2):90-2. [PubMed:3988241 ]
- Senese R, de Lange P, Petito G, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A: 3,5-Diiodothyronine: A Novel Thyroid Hormone Metabolite and Potent Modulator of Energy Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jul 25;9:427. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00427. eCollection 2018. [PubMed:30090086 ]
- Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Di Domenicantonio A, Moreno M, Lanni A, Goglia F: 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine increases resting metabolic rate and reduces body weight without undesirable side effects. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2011 Oct-Dec;25(4):655-60. [PubMed:22217997 ]
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