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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2024-09-17 15:41:57 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000465
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common Name3,5-Diiodothyronine
Description3,5-Diiodothyronine, also known as 3,5-T2, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanines and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. It is also a member of the class of compounds known as iodothyronines. Iodothyronines are phenolic amino acids with iodine substituents. 3,5-Diiodothyronine is a metabolite of the two main thyroid hormones T3 and T4 (thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine). It is a biologically active iodothyronine with mitochondria and bioenergetic mechanisms being the major targets of 3,5-T2. Nanomolar concentrations of 3,5-T2 significantly increases cytochrome oxidase (COX) activity (PMID: 30090086 ). It increases COX activity by preventing the interaction of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an allosteric inhibitor. At 1 pM concentration, 3,5-T2 stimulates oxygen consumption more rapidly than thyroxine (T3). A case report involving two human participants revealed that administration of 3,5-T2 to humans (1–5 ug/kg BW) rapidly (after 4–6 h) increased resting metabolic rate. Chronic 3,5-T2 administration (28 days, approximately 5 ug/kg BW) increased resting metabolic rate by approximately 15% and decreased body weight by approximately 4 kg in both participants (PMID: 22217997 ). 3,5-T2 stimulates the thyroid receptor (TR)-beta receptor for thyroid hormones and thus increases energy expenditure. It has agonistic (thyromimetic) effects on myocardial tissue and on the pituitary, which results in 3,5-T2 suppressing thyroid stimulating hormone release.
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
35-DiiodothyronineHMDB
(3,5-Diiodo-4-(-p-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl)-alanineHMDB
3',5'-DiiodothyronineHMDB
3,5-Diiodo-D-thyronineHMDB
3,5-Diiodo-DL-thryronineHMDB
3,5-Diiodo-DL-thyronineHMDB
3,5-Diiodo-L-thyronineHMDB
3,5-T2HMDB
4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenylalanineHMDB
D-O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosineHMDB
Diiodo-L-thyronineHMDB
DiiodothyronineHMDB
DL-3,5-DiiodothyronineHMDB
DL-DiiodothyronineHMDB
L-3,5-DiiodothyronineHMDB
L-O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosineHMDB
O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-3,5-diiodo-tyrosineHMDB
3,5-Diiodothyronine, (L)-isomerHMDB
3,5-Diiodothyronine, (DL)-isomerHMDB
2-Amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoateHMDB
3,5-DiiodothyronineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC15H13I2NO4
Average Mass525.0770 Da
Monoisotopic Mass524.89339 Da
IUPAC Name2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3,5-diiodophenyl]propanoic acid
Traditional Name3,5-diiodo-dl-thryronine
CAS Registry Number534-51-0
SMILES
NC(CC1=CC(I)=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C(I)=C1)C(O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H13I2NO4/c16-11-5-8(7-13(18)15(20)21)6-12(17)14(11)22-10-3-1-9(19)2-4-10/h1-6,13,19H,7,18H2,(H,20,21)
InChI KeyZHSOTLOTTDYIIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentPhenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • Diphenylether
  • Diaryl ether
  • 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
  • Alpha-amino acid
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • Phenoxy compound
  • Phenol ether
  • Iodobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Aralkylamine
  • Aryl iodide
  • Aryl halide
  • Benzenoid
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Amino acid
  • Ether
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary aliphatic amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organoiodide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Carbonyl group
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.052 g/LALOGPS
logP0.45ALOGPS
logP1.87ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)0.33ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.23ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area92.78 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity100.06 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability38.7 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000582
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB022128
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID110252
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia Link3,5-Diiodothyronine
METLIN ID5564
PubChem Compound123675
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID350682
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Goglia F: Biological effects of 3,5-diiodothyronine (T(2)). Biochemistry (Mosc). 2005 Feb;70(2):164-72. [PubMed:15807655 ]
  2. Nishikawa M, Inada M, Naito K, Ishii H, Tanaka K, Mashio Y, Imura H: Serum concentrations of 3, 3'-diiodothyronine, 3', 5'-diiodothyronine, and 3, 5-diiodothyronine in altered thyroid states. Endocrinol Jpn. 1983 Apr;30(2):167-72. [PubMed:6641638 ]
  3. Takeshita A: [Monoiodothyronine and diiodothyronine]. Nihon Rinsho. 1999 Dec;57 Suppl:86-9. [PubMed:10778070 ]
  4. Pinna G, Meinhold H, Hiedra L, Thoma R, Hoell T, Graf KJ, Stoltenburg-Didinger G, Eravci M, Prengel H, Brodel O, Finke R, Baumgartner A: Elevated 3,5-diiodothyronine concentrations in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal illnesses and brain tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1535-42. [PubMed:9141546 ]
  5. Martinez MB, Ruan M, Fitzpatrick LA: Altered response to thyroid hormones by breast and ovarian cancer cells. Anticancer Res. 2000 Nov-Dec;20(6B):4141-6. [PubMed:11205239 ]
  6. Faber J, Heaf J, Kirkegaard C, Lumholtz IB, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Kolendorf K, Friis T: Simultaneous turnover studies of thyroxine, 3,5,3' and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine, 3,5-, 3,3'-, and 3',5'- diiodothyronine, and 3'-monoiodothyronine in chronic renal failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Feb;56(2):211-7. [PubMed:6401746 ]
  7. Kirkegaard C, Faber J, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T: A radioimmunoassay of serum 3,5-diiodothyronine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981 Jun;97(2):196-201. [PubMed:7234287 ]
  8. Jaedig S, Faber J: The effect of starvation and refeeding with oral versus intravenous glucose on serum 3,5-,3,3'-and 3'-5'-diiodothyronine and 3'-monoiodothyronine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1982 Jul;100(3):388-92. [PubMed:7113605 ]
  9. Engler D, Merkelbach U, Steiger G, Burger AG: The monodeiodination of triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine in man: a quantitative evaluation of the pathway by the use of turnover rate techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984 Jan;58(1):49-61. [PubMed:6689682 ]
  10. Baur A, Bauer K, Jarry H, Kohrle J: 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine stimulates type 1 5'deiodinase activity in rat anterior pituitaries in vivo and in reaggregate cultures and GH3 cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1997 Aug;138(8):3242-8. [PubMed:9231774 ]
  11. Hommel E, Faber J, Kirkegaard C, Siersbaek-Nielsen K, Friis T: Urinary excretion of unconjugated and conjugated 3,5-diiodothyronine. Horm Metab Res. 1985 Feb;17(2):90-2. [PubMed:3988241 ]
  12. Senese R, de Lange P, Petito G, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A: 3,5-Diiodothyronine: A Novel Thyroid Hormone Metabolite and Potent Modulator of Energy Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Jul 25;9:427. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00427. eCollection 2018. [PubMed:30090086 ]
  13. Antonelli A, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Di Domenicantonio A, Moreno M, Lanni A, Goglia F: 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine increases resting metabolic rate and reduces body weight without undesirable side effects. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2011 Oct-Dec;25(4):655-60. [PubMed:22217997 ]