| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2021-08-09 22:33:05 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0000463 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | 5-Hydroxymethyluracil |
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| Description | 5-Hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU), also known as alpha-hydroxythymine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidones. Pyrimidones are compounds that contain a pyrimidine ring, which bears a ketone. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. 5HmU has been identified as a thymine base modification found in the genomes of a diverse range of organisms (PMID: 28137275 ). 5-Hydroxymethyluracil has been detected in bacteriophages, dinoflagellates, leishmania, and in eukaryotic genomes where its level appears to be cell type-specific. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil arises from the oxidation of thymine. 5-Hydroxymethyluracil is produced by the enzyme thymine dioxygenase (EC 1.14.11.6) Which catalyzes the chemical reaction thymine + 2-oxoglutarate + O2 <-> 5-hydroxymethyluracil + succinate + CO2. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are thymine, 2-oxoglutarate, and O2, whereas its 3 products are 5-hydroxymethyluracil, succinate, and CO2. The 5hmU base can also be generated by oxidation/hydroxylation of thymine by the Ten-Eleven-Translocation (TET) proteins or result from deamination of 5hmC (PMID: 29184924 ). DNA containing 5hmU has been reported to be more flexible and hydrophilic (PMID: 29184924 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C5H6N2O3/c8-2-3-1-6-5(10)7-4(3)9/h1,8H,2H2,(H2,6,7,9,10) |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione | ChEBI | | 5-(Hydroxymethyl)uracil | ChEBI | | 5-HYDROXYMETHYL uracil | ChEBI | | 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydropyrimidine-2,4-dione | HMDB | | a-Hydroxythymine | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxythymine | HMDB | | Hydroxymethyluracil | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C5H6N2O3 |
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| Average Mass | 142.1127 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 142.03784 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | 5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2,4-dione |
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| Traditional Name | 5-hydroxymethyluracil |
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| CAS Registry Number | 4433-40-3 |
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| SMILES | OCC1=CNC(=O)NC1=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H6N2O3/c8-2-3-1-6-5(10)7-4(3)9/h1,8H,2H2,(H2,6,7,9,10) |
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| InChI Key | JDBGXEHEIRGOBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidones. Pyrimidones are compounds that contain a pyrimidine ring, which bears a ketone. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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| Class | Diazines |
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| Sub Class | Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Pyrimidones |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Pyrimidone
- Hydropyrimidine
- Vinylogous amide
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Lactam
- Urea
- Azacycle
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic alcohol
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 44 mg/mL | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Faure H, Coudray C, Mousseau M, Ducros V, Douki T, Bianchini F, Cadet J, Favier A: 5-Hydroxymethyluracil excretion, plasma TBARS and plasma antioxidant vitamins in adriamycin-treated patients. Free Radic Biol Med. 1996;20(7):979-83. [PubMed:8743984 ]
- Baker D, Liu P, Burdzy A, Sowers LC: Characterization of the substrate specificity of a human 5-hydroxymethyluracil glycosylase activity. Chem Res Toxicol. 2002 Jan;15(1):33-9. [PubMed:11800595 ]
- Loft S, Poulsen HE: Estimation of oxidative DNA damage in man from urinary excretion of repair products. Acta Biochim Pol. 1998;45(1):133-44. [PubMed:9701506 ]
- Ito T, van Kuilenburg AB, Bootsma AH, Haasnoot AJ, van Cruchten A, Wada Y, van Gennip AH: Rapid screening of high-risk patients for disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism using HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of liquid urine or urine-soaked filter paper strips. Clin Chem. 2000 Apr;46(4):445-52. [PubMed:10759467 ]
- Kow YW: Repair of deaminated bases in DNA. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002 Oct 1;33(7):886-93. [PubMed:12361800 ]
- Kawasaki F, Beraldi D, Hardisty RE, McInroy GR, van Delft P, Balasubramanian S: Genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethyluracil in the eukaryote parasite Leishmania. Genome Biol. 2017 Jan 30;18(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s13059-017-1150-1. [PubMed:28137275 ]
- Janouskova M, Vanikova Z, Nici F, Bohacova S, Vitovska D, Sanderova H, Hocek M, Krasny L: 5-(Hydroxymethyl)uracil and -cytosine as potential epigenetic marks enhancing or inhibiting transcription with bacterial RNA polymerase. Chem Commun (Camb). 2017 Dec 12;53(99):13253-13255. doi: 10.1039/c7cc08053k. [PubMed:29184924 ]
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