Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-03-08 13:57:48 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:40:28 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000444 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Salicylic acid |
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Description | Salicylic acid is a monohydroxybenzoic acid that is benzoic acid with a hydroxy group at the ortho position. It is obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves. It has a role as an antiinfective agent, an antifungal agent, a keratolytic drug, an EC 1.11.1.11 (L-ascorbate peroxidase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite, an algal metabolite and a plant hormone. It is a conjugate acid of a salicylate. It is a colorless solid, it is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid). It is a plant hormone. The name is from Latin salix for willow tree. It is an ingredient in some anti-acne products. Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates. Salicylic acid modulates COX1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylate's antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Salicylic acid works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth. Salicylic acid inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide and noncompetitively with UDPG. It also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor. The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis. Salicylic acid is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Carboxyphenol | ChEBI | 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID | ChEBI | O-Carboxyphenol | ChEBI | O-Hydroxybenzoic acid | ChEBI | 2-HYDROXYBENZOate | Generator | O-Hydroxybenzoate | Generator | Salicylate | Generator | 2 Hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | Acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic | HMDB | Acid, salicylic | HMDB | Acid, O-hydroxybenzoic | HMDB | Acid, ortho-hydroxybenzoic | HMDB | O Hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | Ortho hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | Ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid | HMDB | 2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylate | HMDB | 2-Hydroxybenzenecarboxylic acid | HMDB | Advanced pain relief callus removers | HMDB | Advanced pain relief corn removers | HMDB | Clear away wart remover | HMDB | Compound W | HMDB | Dr. scholl's callus removers | HMDB | Dr. scholl's corn removers | HMDB | Dr. scholl's wart remover kit | HMDB | Duofil wart remover | HMDB | Duoplant | HMDB | Freezone | HMDB | Ionil | HMDB | Ionil plus | HMDB | K 537 | HMDB | K 557 | HMDB | Phenol-2-carboxylate | HMDB | Phenol-2-carboxylic acid | HMDB | Psoriacid-S-stift | HMDB | Retarder W | HMDB | Rutranex | HMDB | Salicylic acid collodion | HMDB | Salicylic acid soap | HMDB | Saligel | HMDB | Salonil | HMDB | Stri-dex | HMDB | trans-Ver-sal | HMDB | SA | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C7H6O3 |
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Average Mass | 138.1220 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 138.03169 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-hydroxybenzoic acid |
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Traditional Name | salicylic |
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CAS Registry Number | 69-72-7 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10) |
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InChI Key | YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids. These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Benzene and substituted derivatives |
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Sub Class | Benzoic acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Salicylic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Salicylic acid
- Benzoic acid
- Benzoyl
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Phenol
- Vinylogous acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 158 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 2.24 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | LogP | 2.26 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Rutner M, Fitzek J, Jahnel-Kracht H, Otto J, Krause W: [Therapy of rheumatic disease with a hydroxyethylsalicylate gel. Results of 2 clinical studies of effectiveness and bioavailability]. Fortschr Med. 1995 Mar 20;113(8):111-3. [PubMed:7759034 ]
- Khan AZ, Aarons L: A note on the use of salicylate saliva concentration in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1989 Oct;41(10):710-1. [PubMed:2575150 ]
- Vila MM, Tubino M, de Oliveira Neto G: Determination of salicylate in blood serum by flow injection with immobilized salicylate hydroxylase. J AOAC Int. 2001 Sep-Oct;84(5):1363-9. [PubMed:11601455 ]
- Zaugg S, Zhang X, Sweedler J, Thormann W: Determination of salicylate, gentisic acid and salicyluric acid in human urine by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2001 Mar 5;752(1):17-31. [PubMed:11254191 ]
- Berkovitch M, Uziel Y, Greenberg R, Chen-Levy Z, Arcusin M, Marcus O, Pinto O, Evans S, Matias A, Lahat E: False-high blood salicylate levels in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Ther Drug Monit. 2000 Dec;22(6):757-61. [PubMed:11128247 ]
- Goussis OS, Theodoropoulos TJ: Dilantin and salicylate effects on hepatic thyroxine bio-availability and dialyzable thyroxine. Horm Metab Res. 1990 Jun;22(6):342-4. [PubMed:2379917 ]
- Benfeldt E, Serup J, Menne T: Microdialysis vs. suction blister technique for in vivo sampling of pharmacokinetics in the human dermis. Acta Derm Venereol. 1999 Sep;79(5):338-42. [PubMed:10494706 ]
- Ndovi TT, Choi L, Caffo B, Parsons T, Baker S, Zhao M, Rohde C, Hendrix CW: Quantitative assessment of seminal vesicle and prostate drug concentrations by use of a noninvasive method. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):146-58. [PubMed:16890576 ]
- Kocoshis SA, Wong CT: Sodium salicylate and bile acid-induced colonic secretion in the rat. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1991 May-Jun;21(3):197-204. [PubMed:2064304 ]
- Owen SG, Francis HW, Roberts MS: Disappearance kinetics of solutes from synovial fluid after intra-articular injection. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;38(4):349-55. [PubMed:7833225 ]
- Quaranta A, Portalatini P, Camporeale M, Sallustio V: Effects of salicylates on evoked otoacoustic emissions and remote masking in humans. Audiology. 1999 May-Jun;38(3):174-9. [PubMed:10437688 ]
- Yoshida NH, Roberts MS: Prediction of cathodal iontophoretic transport of various anions across excised skin from different vehicles using conductivity measurements. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1995 Nov;47(11):883-90. [PubMed:8708980 ]
- Alanko K, Stubb S, Salo OP, Reitamo S: Suction blister fluid histamine in fixed drug eruption. Acta Derm Venereol. 1992;72(2):89-91. [PubMed:1350413 ]
- Singh P, Anliker M, Smith GA, Zavortink D, Maibach HI: Transdermal iontophoresis and solute penetration across excised human skin. J Pharm Sci. 1995 Nov;84(11):1342-6. [PubMed:8587053 ]
- Hazouard E, Grimbert M, Jonville-Berra AP, De Toffol MC, Legras A: [Salicylism and glaucoma: reciprocal augmentation of the toxicity of acetazolamide and acetylsalicylic acid]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 1999 Feb;22(1):73-5. [PubMed:10221197 ]
- Schmook FP, Meingassner JG, Billich A: Comparison of human skin or epidermis models with human and animal skin in in-vitro percutaneous absorption. Int J Pharm. 2001 Mar 14;215(1-2):51-6. [PubMed:11250091 ]
- Pirola R, Bareggi SR, De Benedittis G: Determination of acetylsalicylic acid and salicylic acid in skin and plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Feb 13;705(2):309-15. [PubMed:9521569 ]
- Kunkel A, Watzig H: Pharmacokinetic investigations with direct injection of plasma samples: possible savings using capillary electrophoresis (CE). Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 1999 May;332(5):175-8. [PubMed:10366903 ]
- Azaroual, Imbenotte M, Cartigny B, Lhermitte M, Vermeersch G: [Identification and quantification of exogenous metabolites in biological liquids with new development in NMR spectroscopy in one and two dimensions]. Acta Clin Belg. 1999;53 Suppl 1:97-100. [PubMed:10216993 ]
- Baggott JE, Morgan SL, Ha T, Vaughn WH, Hine RJ: Inhibition of folate-dependent enzymes by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem J. 1992 Feb 15;282 ( Pt 1):197-202. [PubMed:1540135 ]
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