Record Information |
---|
Version | 2.0 |
---|
Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
---|
Updated at | 2022-02-03 21:49:48 UTC |
---|
NP-MRD ID | NP0000437 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
---|
Natural Product Identification |
---|
Common Name | L-Aspartic acid |
---|
Description | Aspartic acid (Asp), also known as L-aspartic acid or as aspartate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-aspartic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.E., The amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Aspartic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans, aspartic acid is a nonessential amino acid derived from glutamic acid by enzymes using vitamin B6. However, in the human body, aspartate is most frequently synthesized through the transamination of oxaloacetate. A non-essential amino acid is an amino acid that can be synthesized from central metabolic pathway intermediates in humans and is not required in the diet. As its name indicates, aspartic acid is the carboxylic acid analog of asparagine. The D-isomer of aspartic acid (D-aspartic acid) is one of two D-amino acids commonly found in mammals. Aspartic acid was first discovered in 1827 by Auguste-Arthur Plisson and Étienne Ossian Henry by hydrolysis of asparagine, which had been isolated from asparagus juice in 1806. Aspartate has many biochemical roles. It is a neurotransmitter, a metabolite in the urea cycle and it participates in gluconeogenesis. It carries reducing equivalents in the malate-aspartate shuttle, which utilizes the ready interconversion of aspartate and oxaloacetate, which is the oxidized (dehydrogenated) derivative of malic acid. Aspartate donates one nitrogen atom in the biosynthesis of inosine, the precursor to the purine bases which are key to DNA biosynthesis. In addition, aspartic acid acts as a hydrogen acceptor in a chain of ATP synthase. Aspartic acid is a major excitatory neurotransmitter, which is sometimes found to be increased in epileptic and stroke patients. It is decreased in depressed patients and in patients with brain atrophy. As a neurotransmitter, aspartic acid may provide resistance to fatigue and thus lead to endurance, although the evidence to support this idea is not strong (Wikipedia). Aspartic acid supplements are being evaluated. Five grams can raise blood levels. Magnesium and zinc may be natural inhibitors of some of the actions of aspartic acid. Aspartic acid, when chemically coupled with the amino acid D-phenylalanine, is a part of a natural sweetener, aspartame. This sweetener is an advance in artificial sweeteners, and is probably safe in normal doses to all except phenylketonurics. Aspartic acid may be a significant immunostimulant of the thymus and can protect against some of the damaging effects of radiation. Aspartic acid is found in higher abundance in: Oysters, luncheon meats, sausage meat, wild game, sprouting seeds, oat flakes, avocado, asparagus, young sugarcane, and molasses from sugar beets. |
---|
Structure | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
(S)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid | ChEBI | (S)-2-Aminosuccinic acid | ChEBI | 2-Aminosuccinic acid | ChEBI | Asp | ChEBI | ASPARTIC ACID | ChEBI | D | ChEBI | L-Asparaginsaeure | ChEBI | L-Asp | Kegg | (S)-2-Aminobutanedioate | Generator | (S)-2-Aminosuccinate | Generator | 2-Aminosuccinate | Generator | ASPARTate | Generator | L-Aspartate | Generator | (+)-Aspartate | HMDB | (+)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (2S)-Aspartate | HMDB | (2S)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (L)-Aspartate | HMDB | (L)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (R)-2-Aminosuccinate | HMDB | (S)-(+)-Aspartate | HMDB | (S)-(+)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (S)-Amino-butanedioate | HMDB | (S)-Amino-butanedioic acid | HMDB | (S)-Aminobutanedioate | HMDB | (S)-Aminobutanedioic acid | HMDB | (S)-Aspartate | HMDB | (S)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-methylsuccinate | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | alpha-Aminosuccinate | HMDB | alpha-Aminosuccinic acid | HMDB | Aminosuccinate | HMDB | Asparagate | HMDB | Asparagic acid | HMDB | Asparaginate | HMDB | Asparaginic acid | HMDB | Asparatate | HMDB | H-Asp-OH | HMDB | L-(+)-Aspartate | HMDB | L-(+)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | L-Aminosuccinate | HMDB | L-Aminosuccinic acid | HMDB | L-Asparagate | HMDB | L-Asparagic acid | HMDB | L-Asparaginate | HMDB | L-Asparaginic acid | HMDB | (+-)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | (R,S)-Aspartic acid | HMDB | Aspartate, disodium | HMDB | Aspartate, magnesium | HMDB | Aspartate, monopotassium | HMDB | Aspartic acid, dipotassium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, hydrobromide | HMDB | Aspartic acid, monopotassium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, monosodium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, potassium salt | HMDB | L Aspartate | HMDB | MG5Longoral | HMDB | Potassium aspartate | HMDB | Polysuccinimide | HMDB | Ammonium aspartate | HMDB | Aspartate, ammonium | HMDB | Aspartate, calcium | HMDB | Aspartate, monosodium | HMDB | Aspartic acid, calcium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, disodium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, magnesium (1:1) salt, hydrochloride, trihydrate | HMDB | Dipotassium aspartate | HMDB | Disodium aspartate | HMDB | Hydrochloride, aspartate magnesium | HMDB | Monopotassium aspartate | HMDB | Sodium aspartate | HMDB | Aspartate, dipotassium | HMDB | Aspartic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, sodium salt | HMDB | Hydrobromide aspartic acid | HMDB | Magnesium aspartate | HMDB | MG 5 Longoral | HMDB | Monosodium aspartate | HMDB | Aspartate magnesium hydrochloride | HMDB | Aspartate, potassium | HMDB | Aspartate, sodium | HMDB | Aspartic acid, ammonium salt | HMDB | Aspartic acid, hydrochloride | HMDB | Aspartic acid, magnesium-potassium (2:1:2) salt | HMDB | Calcium aspartate | HMDB | Hydrochloride aspartic acid | HMDB | L Aspartic acid | HMDB | Magnesiocard | HMDB | MG-5-Longoral | HMDB | Poly-DL-succinimide | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C4H7NO4 |
---|
Average Mass | 133.1027 Da |
---|
Monoisotopic Mass | 133.03751 Da |
---|
IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-aminobutanedioic acid |
---|
Traditional Name | L-aspartic acid |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 56-84-8 |
---|
SMILES | N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N |
---|
Experimental Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-02-04 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
---|
|
| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-01 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
---|
Species of Origin | |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aspartic acid and derivatives. Aspartic acid and derivatives are compounds containing an aspartic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of aspartic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
---|
Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
---|
Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
---|
Direct Parent | Aspartic acid and derivatives |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Aspartic acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Fatty acid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic oxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 270 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 5.39 mg/mL | Yalkowsky, S. H., & Dannenfelser, R. M. (1992). Aquasol database of aqueous solubility. College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 189. | LogP | -3.89 | Chmelík, J., Hudecek, J., Putyera, K., Makovicka, J., Kalous, V., & Chmelíková, J. (1991). Characterization of the hydrophobic properties of amino acids on the basis of their partition and distribution coefficients in the 1-octanol-water system. Collection of Czechoslovak chemical communications, 56(10), 2030-2041. |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
General References | - Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
- Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed:12097436 ]
- Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed:6696735 ]
- Engelborghs S, Marescau B, De Deyn PP: Amino acids and biogenic amines in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Res. 2003 Aug;28(8):1145-50. [PubMed:12834252 ]
- Burman P, Hetta J, Wide L, Mansson JE, Ekman R, Karlsson FA: Growth hormone treatment affects brain neurotransmitters and thyroxine [see comment]. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Mar;44(3):319-24. [PubMed:8729530 ]
- Hagenfeldt L, Bjerkenstedt L, Edman G, Sedvall G, Wiesel FA: Amino acids in plasma and CSF and monoamine metabolites in CSF: interrelationship in healthy subjects. J Neurochem. 1984 Mar;42(3):833-7. [PubMed:6198473 ]
- Cynober LA: Plasma amino acid levels with a note on membrane transport: characteristics, regulation, and metabolic significance. Nutrition. 2002 Sep;18(9):761-6. [PubMed:12297216 ]
- Rainesalo S, Keranen T, Palmio J, Peltola J, Oja SS, Saransaari P: Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acids in epileptic patients. Neurochem Res. 2004 Jan;29(1):319-24. [PubMed:14992292 ]
- Chiara F, Goumans MJ, Forsberg H, Ahgren A, Rasola A, Aspenstrom P, Wernstedt C, Hellberg C, Heldin CH, Heuchel R: A gain of function mutation in the activation loop of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor deregulates its kinase activity. J Biol Chem. 2004 Oct 8;279(41):42516-27. Epub 2004 Jul 28. [PubMed:15284236 ]
- Fujii N: D-amino acid in elderly tissues. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 Sep;28(9):1585-9. [PubMed:16141520 ]
- Grdzelishvili VZ, Smallwood S, Tower D, Hall RL, Hunt DM, Moyer SA: A single amino acid change in the L-polymerase protein of vesicular stomatitis virus completely abolishes viral mRNA cap methylation. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7327-37. [PubMed:15919887 ]
- Lockridge O: Genetic variants of human serum cholinesterase influence metabolism of the muscle relaxant succinylcholine. Pharmacol Ther. 1990;47(1):35-60. [PubMed:2195556 ]
- Franklin RB, Zou J, Yu Z, Costello LC: EAAC1 is expressed in rat and human prostate epithelial cells; functions as a high-affinity L-aspartate transporter; and is regulated by prolactin and testosterone. BMC Biochem. 2006 Mar 27;7:10. [PubMed:16566829 ]
- Advani SJ, Hagglund R, Weichselbaum RR, Roizman B: Posttranslational processing of infected cell proteins 0 and 4 of herpes simplex virus 1 is sequential and reflects the subcellular compartment in which the proteins localize. J Virol. 2001 Sep;75(17):7904-12. [PubMed:11483735 ]
- Wang M, Meng Z, Fu J: Synthesis and biodistribution of six novel 99mTc complexes of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-amino acid Schiff bases. Appl Radiat Isot. 2006 Feb;64(2):235-40. [PubMed:16309915 ]
- Baslow MH: Brain N-acetylaspartate as a molecular water pump and its role in the etiology of Canavan disease: a mechanistic explanation. J Mol Neurosci. 2003;21(3):185-90. [PubMed:14645985 ]
- Shao B, Belaaouaj A, Verlinde CL, Fu X, Heinecke JW: Methionine sulfoxide and proteolytic cleavage contribute to the inactivation of cathepsin G by hypochlorous acid: an oxidative mechanism for regulation of serine proteinases by myeloperoxidase. J Biol Chem. 2005 Aug 12;280(32):29311-21. Epub 2005 Jun 20. [PubMed:15967795 ]
- Rose CH, Thigpen BD, Bofill JA, Cushman J, May WL, Martin JN Jr: Obstetric implications of antepartum corticosteroid therapy for HELLP syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Nov;104(5 Pt 1):1011-4. [PubMed:15516393 ]
- Bhende PM, Seaman WT, Delecluse HJ, Kenney SC: BZLF1 activation of the methylated form of the BRLF1 immediate-early promoter is regulated by BZLF1 residue 186. J Virol. 2005 Jun;79(12):7338-48. [PubMed:15919888 ]
- Butterworth RF: Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy: a new look at ammonia. Metab Brain Dis. 2002 Dec;17(4):221-7. [PubMed:12602499 ]
- Jouyandeh M, Tavakoli O, Sarkhanpour R, Sajadi SM, Zarrintaj P, Rabiee N, Akhavan O, Lima EC, Saeb MR: Green products from herbal medicine wastes by subcritical water treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2022 Feb 15;424(Pt A):127294. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127294. Epub 2021 Sep 20. [PubMed:34592595 ]
|
---|