Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:39:01 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000425 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Androstenedione |
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Description | Androstenedione is a delta-4 19-carbon steroid that is produced not only in the testis, but also in the ovary and the adrenal cortex. Depending on the tissue type, androstenedione can serve as a precursor to testosterone as well as estrone and estradiol. It is the common precursor of male and female sex hormones. Some androstenedione is also secreted into the plasma, and may be converted in peripheral tissues to testosterone and estrogens. Androstenedione originates either from the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone or from 17-hydroxyprogesterone. It is further converted to either testosterone or estrone. The production of adrenal androstenedione is governed by ACTH, while production of gonadal androstenedione is under control by gonadotropins. |
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Structure | [H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C InChI=1S/C19H26O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-16H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18-,19-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-Androstene-3,17-dione | ChEBI | 4-ANDROSTENE-3-17-dione | ChEBI | Delta(4)-Androsten-3,17-dione | ChEBI | Delta(4)-Androstene-3,17-dione | ChEBI | Androst-4-ene-3,17-dione | Kegg | Δ(4)-androsten-3,17-dione | Generator | Δ(4)-androstene-3,17-dione | Generator | (4)-Androsten-3,17-dione | HMDB | 17-Ketotestosterone | HMDB | 3,17-Dioxoandrost-4-ene | HMDB | 4-Androsten-3,17-dione | HMDB | 4-Androstenedione | HMDB | Androstendione | HMDB | D4-Androstene-3,17-dione | HMDB | delta4-Androstenedione | HMDB | Fecundin | HMDB | delta 4 Androstenedione | HMDB | delta-4-Androstenedione | HMDB | 4 Androstene 3,17 dione | HMDB | delta4-Androstene-3,17-dione | HMDB | Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione | HMDB | Androstenedione | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C19H26O2 |
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Average Mass | 286.4085 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 286.19328 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (1S,2R,10R,11S,15S)-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-ene-5,14-dione |
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Traditional Name | (1S,2R,10R,11S,15S)-2,15-dimethyltetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadec-6-ene-5,14-dione |
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CAS Registry Number | 63-05-8 |
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SMILES | [H][C@@]12CCC(=O)[C@@]1(C)CC[C@@]1([H])[C@@]2([H])CCC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]12C |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C19H26O2/c1-18-9-7-13(20)11-12(18)3-4-14-15-5-6-17(21)19(15,2)10-8-16(14)18/h11,14-16H,3-10H2,1-2H3/t14-,15-,16-,18-,19-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | AEMFNILZOJDQLW-QAGGRKNESA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-10-08 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as androgens and derivatives. These are 3-hydroxylated C19 steroid hormones. They are known to favor the development of masculine characteristics. They also show profound effects on scalp and body hair in humans. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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Sub Class | Androstane steroids |
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Direct Parent | Androgens and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Androgen-skeleton
- Oxosteroid
- 17-oxosteroid
- 3-oxosteroid
- 3-oxo-delta-4-steroid
- Delta-4-steroid
- Cyclohexenone
- Cyclic ketone
- Ketone
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 170 - 173 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 0.058 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | 2.75 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Berkovitz GD, Guerami A, Brown TR, MacDonald PC, Migeon CJ: Familial gynecomastia with increased extraglandular aromatization of plasma carbon19-steroids. J Clin Invest. 1985 Jun;75(6):1763-9. [PubMed:3924954 ]
- Cutolo M, Sulli A, Capellino S, Villaggio B, Montagna P, Pizzorni C, Paolino S, Seriolo B, Felli L, Straub RH: Anti-TNF and sex hormones. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Jun;1069:391-400. [PubMed:16855166 ]
- Schwarz S, Pohl P: Steroid hormones and steroid hormone binding globulins in cerebrospinal fluid studied in individuals with intact and with disturbed blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Neuroendocrinology. 1992 Feb;55(2):174-82. [PubMed:1620285 ]
- van Vloten WA, van Haselen CW, van Zuuren EJ, Gerlinger C, Heithecker R: The effect of 2 combined oral Contraceptives containing either drospirenone or cyproterone acetate on acne and seborrhea. Cutis. 2002 Apr;69(4 Suppl):2-15. [PubMed:12096825 ]
- Jasuja R, Ramaraj P, Mac RP, Singh AB, Storer TW, Artaza J, Miller A, Singh R, Taylor WE, Lee ML, Davidson T, Sinha-Hikim I, Gonzalez-Cadavid N, Bhasin S: Delta-4-androstene-3,17-dione binds androgen receptor, promotes myogenesis in vitro, and increases serum testosterone levels, fat-free mass, and muscle strength in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Feb;90(2):855-63. Epub 2004 Nov 2. [PubMed:15522925 ]
- Egloff M, Savoure N, Tardivel-Lacombe J, Massart C, Nicol M, Degrelle H: Influence of sex hormone binding globulin and serum albumin on the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone by human erythrocytes. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1981 Jan;96(1):136-40. [PubMed:7192922 ]
- Zarrilli S, Lombardi G, Paesano L, Di Somma C, Colao A, Mirone V, De Rosa M: Hormonal and seminal evaluation of Leydig cell tumour patients before and after orchiectomy. Andrologia. 2000 May;32(3):147-54. [PubMed:10863969 ]
- Heikkila R, Aho K, Heliovaara M, Hakama M, Marniemi J, Reunanen A, Knekt P: Serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin concentrations and the risk of prostate carcinoma: a longitudinal study. Cancer. 1999 Jul 15;86(2):312-5. [PubMed:10421267 ]
- Schlaghecke R, Kley HK, Kruskemper HL: The measurement of 4-androstene-3, 11, 17-trione (11-oxo-androstenedione) by radioimmunoassay in human plasma. Steroids. 1984 Jul;44(1):23-33. [PubMed:6100340 ]
- King DS, Sharp RL, Vukovich MD, Brown GA, Reifenrath TA, Uhl NL, Parsons KA: Effect of oral androstenedione on serum testosterone and adaptations to resistance training in young men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1999 Jun 2;281(21):2020-8. [PubMed:10359391 ]
- Johansson A, Henriksson A, Olofsson BO, Olsson T: Adrenal steroid dysregulation in dystrophia myotonica. J Intern Med. 1999 Apr;245(4):345-51. [PubMed:10356596 ]
- Atkinson G, Campbell DJ, Cawood ML, Oakey RE: Steroids in human intrauterine fluids of early pregnancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1996 Apr;44(4):435-40. [PubMed:8706310 ]
- Zarrilli S, Paesano L, Mirone V, Finelli L, De Rosa M: [Evaluation of seminal and hormonal parameters in idiopathic varicocele before and after surgical intervention]. Chir Ital. 1998 Mar-Aug;50(2-4):21-8. [PubMed:11762080 ]
- Berria R, Gastaldelli A, Lucidi S, Belfort R, De Filippis E, Easton C, Brytzki R, Cusi K, Jovanovic L, DeFronzo R: Reduction in hematocrit level after pioglitazone treatment is correlated with decreased plasma free testosterone level, not hemodilution, in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006 Aug;80(2):105-14. Epub 2006 Jun 30. [PubMed:16890572 ]
- Thomson S, Wallace AM, Cook B: A 125I-radioimmunoassay for measuring androstenedione in serum and in blood-spot samples from neonates. Clin Chem. 1989 Aug;35(8):1706-12. [PubMed:2758640 ]
- Riikonen RS: How do cryptogenic and symptomatic infantile spasms differ? Review of biochemical studies in Finnish patients. J Child Neurol. 1996 Sep;11(5):383-8. [PubMed:8877606 ]
- Azurmendi A, Braza F, Sorozabal A, Garcia A, Braza P, Carreras MR, Munoz JM, Cardas J, Sanchez-Martin JR: Cognitive abilities, androgen levels, and body mass index in 5-year-old children. Horm Behav. 2005 Aug;48(2):187-95. [PubMed:15878571 ]
- Schairer C, Hill D, Sturgeon SR, Fears T, Mies C, Ziegler RG, Hoover RN, Sherman ME: Serum concentrations of estrogens, sex hormone binding globulin, and androgens and risk of breast hyperplasia in postmenopausal women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Jul;14(7):1660-5. [PubMed:16030098 ]
- Feldman PS, Kovacs K, Horvath E, Adelson GL: Malignant Leydig cell tumor: clinical, histologic and electron microscopic features. Cancer. 1982 Feb 15;49(4):714-21. [PubMed:7055782 ]
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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