Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:41:51 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000404 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Neopterin |
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Description | Neopterin, also known as monapterin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative and are mainly synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. Neopterin is a solid that is soluble in water. Neopterin is a catabolic product of guanosine triphosphate (GTP). In humans, it is involved in pterine biosynthesis and it also serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of biopterin, which is an essential cofactor in neurotransmitter synthesis. Neopterin has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821 ). Most uremic toxins are metabolic waste products and are normally excreted in the urine or feces. Uremic toxins can cause kidney, liver and heart damage. They can also cause changes in mental status, such as confusion, reduced awareness, agitation, psychosis, seizures, and coma. Uremic toxins such as neopterin are actively transported into the kidneys via organic ion transporters (especially OAT3). Elevated levels of neopterin result from immune system activation, including from malignant cancer, allograft rejection, viral infection, and autoimmune disorders (PMID: 19500901 ). Measurement of neopterin concentration allows estimation of the extent of oxidative stress elicited by the immune system. Neopterin concentrations usually correlate with the extent and activity of a given disease, and are also used to monitor the course of the disease. Elevated neopterin concentrations are among the best predictors of adverse outcome in patients with HIV infection, in cardiovascular disease, and in various types of cancer. |
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Structure | NC1=NC2=C(N=C(C=N2)C(O)C(O)CO)C(=O)N1 InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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6-(D-Erythro-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)pterin | HMDB | 6-D-Erythro-neopterin | HMDB | D-Erythro-neopterin | HMDB | D-Neopterin | HMDB | Neopterine | HMDB | [S-(R*,s*)]-2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-ON | HMDB | [S-(R*,s*)]-2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridin-4-one | HMDB | [S-(R*,s*)]-2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-1H-pteridine-4-one | HMDB | Monapterin | HMDB | Neopterin, (r*, r*)-isomer | HMDB | Umanopterin | HMDB | Neopterin, (erythro-D)-isomer | HMDB | 2-Amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-4(3H)-pteridinone | HMDB | Neopterin, (erythro-L)-isomer | HMDB | Neopterin, (threo-D)-isomer | HMDB | Neopterin, (threo-L)-isomer | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C9H11N5O4 |
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Average Mass | 253.2147 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 253.08110 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-3,4-dihydropteridin-4-one |
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Traditional Name | 2-amino-6-(1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl)-3H-pteridin-4-one |
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CAS Registry Number | 2009-64-5 |
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SMILES | NC1=NC2=C(N=C(C=N2)C(O)C(O)CO)C(=O)N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C9H11N5O4/c10-9-13-7-5(8(18)14-9)12-3(1-11-7)6(17)4(16)2-15/h1,4,6,15-17H,2H2,(H3,10,11,13,14,18) |
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InChI Key | BMQYVXCPAOLZOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as biopterins and derivatives. These are coenzymes containing a 2-amino-pteridine-4-one derivative. They are mainly synthesized in several parts of the body, including the pineal gland. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Pteridines and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Pterins and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Biopterins and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Biopterin
- Aminopyrimidine
- Pyrimidone
- Pyrazine
- Pyrimidine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Vinylogous amide
- Secondary alcohol
- Polyol
- Azacycle
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Primary amine
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Amine
- Aromatic alcohol
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | Not Available |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Heyes MP, Saito K, Milstien S, Schiff SJ: Quinolinic acid in tumors, hemorrhage and bacterial infections of the central nervous system in children. J Neurol Sci. 1995 Nov;133(1-2):112-8. [PubMed:8583213 ]
- Azumagawa K, Suzuki S, Tanabe T, Wakamiya E, Kawamura N, Tamai H: Neopterin, biopterin, and nitric oxide concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with central nervous system infections. Brain Dev. 2003 Apr;25(3):200-2. [PubMed:12689700 ]
- Shaw CE, Dunbar PR, Macaulay HA, Neale TJ: Measurement of immune markers in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients during clinical remission. J Neurol. 1995 Jan;242(2):53-8. [PubMed:7707089 ]
- Gisslen M, Chiodi F, Fuchs D, Norkrans G, Svennerholm B, Wachter H, Hagberg L: Markers of immune stimulation in the cerebrospinal fluid during HIV infection: a longitudinal study. Scand J Infect Dis. 1994;26(5):523-33. [PubMed:7855550 ]
- Reibnegger GJ, Bichler AH, Dapunt O, Fuchs DN, Fuith LC, Hausen A, Hetzel HM, Lutz H, Werner ER, Wachter H: Neopterin as a prognostic indicator in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Cancer Res. 1986 Feb;46(2):950-5. [PubMed:3940654 ]
- Niederwieser D, Huber C, Wachter H: [Neopterin, a new biochemical marker for the detection of activated T lymphocytes]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1983 Mar 4;95(5):161-4. [PubMed:6602425 ]
- Abdulle S, Hagberg L, Svennerholm B, Fuchs D, Gisslen M: Continuing intrathecal immunoactivation despite two years of effective antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1 infection. AIDS. 2002 Nov 8;16(16):2145-9. [PubMed:12409735 ]
- Niederwieser A, Curtius HC: Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthetic pathway and deficiency. Enzyme. 1987;38(1-4):302-11. [PubMed:3326735 ]
- Kokcam I, Naziroglu M: Effects of vitamin E supplementation on blood antioxidants levels in patients with Behcet's disease. Clin Biochem. 2002 Nov;35(8):633-9. [PubMed:12498998 ]
- Margreiter R, Aichberger C, Konigsrainer A, Reibnegger G, Weiss G, Wachter H: Biliary neopterin for differentiation between liver allograft rejection and viral graft infection. Transpl Int. 1992;5 Suppl 1:S199-200. [PubMed:14621776 ]
- Steiner G, Zlabinger G, Karamehic J, Pohanka E, Kovarik J, Woloszczuk W: Interferon-gamma, neopterin, and interleukin-2 receptor levels in the serum of kidney transplant recipients. Transplant Proc. 1990 Aug;22(4):1857-8. [PubMed:2117813 ]
- Inci Fisenk B, Us D, Ozcebe OI, Hascelik G: The value of increased neopterin levels in reducing transfusion-transmitted virus infections: detection of a donation from a HBsAg positive chronic carrier by screening of neopterin in Turkish blood donors. Scand J Infect Dis. 2005;37(8):599-604. [PubMed:16099770 ]
- Antoniello S, Auletta M, Magri P, Russo N: Serum neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992 Nov;373(11):1165-8. [PubMed:1282321 ]
- Barani J, Nilsson JA, Mattiasson I, Lindblad B, Gottsater A: Inflammatory mediators are associated with 1-year mortality in critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2005 Jul;42(1):75-80. [PubMed:16012455 ]
- Millner MM, Franthal W, Thalhammer GH, Berghold A, Aigner RM, Fuger GF, Reibnegger G: Neopterin concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid and serum as an aid in differentiating central nervous system and peripheral infections in children. Clin Chem. 1998 Jan;44(1):161-7. [PubMed:9550574 ]
- Muller TF, Trosch F, Ebel H, Grussner RW, Feiber H, Goke B, Greger B, Lange H: Pancreas-specific protein (PASP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and neopterin (NEOP) in the diagnosis of rejection after simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation. Transpl Int. 1997;10(3):185-91. [PubMed:9163857 ]
- Beckham JC, Caldwell DS, Peterson BL, Pippen AM, Currie MS, Keefe FJ, Weinberg JB: Disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis: relationships of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha, soluble interleukin 2-receptor, soluble CD4/CD8 ratio, neopterin, and fibrin D-dimer to traditional severity and functional measures. J Clin Immunol. 1992 Sep;12(5):353-61. [PubMed:1430106 ]
- Prior C, Bollbach R, Fuchs D, Hausen A, Judmaier G, Niederwieser D, Reibnegger G, Rotthauwe HW, Werner ER, Wachter H: Urinary neopterin, a marker of clinical activity in patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Chim Acta. 1986 Feb 28;155(1):11-21. [PubMed:3698305 ]
- Hagberg L, Dotevall L, Norkrans G, Larsson M, Wachter H, Fuchs D: Cerebrospinal fluid neopterin concentrations in central nervous system infection. J Infect Dis. 1993 Nov;168(5):1285-8. [PubMed:8228365 ]
- Toncheva D, Galabov AS, Laich A, Atanassova S, Kamarinchev B, Dimitrov T, Fuchs D: Urinary neopterin concentrations in patients with Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). Kidney Int. 2003 Nov;64(5):1817-21. [PubMed:14531816 ]
- Sucher R, Schroecksnadel K, Weiss G, Margreiter R, Fuchs D, Brandacher G: Neopterin, a prognostic marker in human malignancies. Cancer Lett. 2010 Jan 1;287(1):13-22. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.05.008. Epub 2009 Jun 4. [PubMed:19500901 ]
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