Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:41:48 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000386 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/2768 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Folic acid |
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Description | Folic acid or folate, is a vitamin that belongs to the class of compounds known as pterins. Chemically, folate consists of three distinct chemical moieties linked together. A pterin (2-amino-4-hydroxy-pteridine) linked by a methylene bridge to a p-aminobenzoyl group that in turn is linked through an amide linkage to glutamic acid. It is a member of the vitamin B family and is primarily known as vitamin B9. Folate is required for the body to make DNA and RNA and metabolize amino acids necessary for cell division for the hematopoietic system. As humans cannot make folate, it is required in the diet, making it an essential nutrient (i.E. A vitamin). Folate occurs naturally in many foods including mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid, being biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by the enzyme known as dihydrofolate reductase. Tetrahydrofolate and methyltetrahydrofolate are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids and generate formic acid. Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. Folic acid is also used as a supplement by women during pregnancy to reduce the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs) in babies. Low levels in early pregnancy are believed to be the cause of more than half of babies born with NTDs (PMID: 28097362 ). Folic acid is also a microbial metabolite produced by Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (PMID: 22254078 ). |
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Structure | NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CN=C2N1 InChI=1S/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2S)-2-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzamido)pentanedioic acid | ChEBI | Acfol | ChEBI | Acide folique | ChEBI | Acido folico | ChEBI | Acidum folicum | ChEBI | Folate | ChEBI | Folicet | ChEBI | Folsaeure | ChEBI | N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamic acid | ChEBI | N-Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid | ChEBI | PGA | ChEBI | PteGlu | ChEBI | Pteroyl-L-glutamic acid | ChEBI | Pteroyl-L-monoglutamic acid | ChEBI | Pteroylglutamic acid | ChEBI | Pteroylmonoglutamic acid | ChEBI | Vitamin b11 | ChEBI | Vitamin b9 | ChEBI | Vitamin BC | ChEBI | Vitamin be | ChEBI | Vitamin m | ChEBI | (2S)-2-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzamido)pentanedioate | Generator | N-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)carbonyl]-L-glutamate | Generator | N-Pteroyl-L-glutamate | Generator | Pteroyl-L-glutamate | Generator | Pteroyl-L-monoglutamate | Generator | Pteroylglutamate | Generator | Pteroylmonoglutamate | Generator | Acifolic | HMDB | Cytofol | HMDB | Dosfolat b activ | HMDB | Folacid | HMDB | Folacin | HMDB | Folbal | HMDB | Folcidin | HMDB | Foldine | HMDB | Folettes | HMDB | Foliamin | HMDB | Folipac | HMDB | Folsan | HMDB | Folsaure | HMDB | Folsav | HMDB | Folvite | HMDB | Incafolic | HMDB | Liver lactobacillus casei factor | HMDB | Millafol | HMDB | N-(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-3,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}benzoyl)-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | N-[4-[[(2-Amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid | HMDB | Folic acid, (DL)-isomer | HMDB | Folic acid, sodium salt | HMDB | Folic acid, (D)-isomer | HMDB | Folic acid, monosodium salt | HMDB | Folic acid, potassium salt | HMDB | b9, Vitamin | HMDB | Folic acid, calcium salt (1:1) | HMDB | Folic acid, monopotassium salt | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C19H19N7O6 |
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Average Mass | 441.3975 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 441.13968 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropteridin-6-yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | folate |
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CAS Registry Number | 59-30-3 |
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SMILES | NC1=NC(=O)C2=NC(CNC3=CC=C(C=C3)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)=CN=C2N1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C19H19N7O6/c20-19-25-15-14(17(30)26-19)23-11(8-22-15)7-21-10-3-1-9(2-4-10)16(29)24-12(18(31)32)5-6-13(27)28/h1-4,8,12,21H,5-7H2,(H,24,29)(H,27,28)(H,31,32)(H3,20,22,25,26,30)/t12-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-06 | View Spectrum | HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-06 | View Spectrum | COSY NMR | [1H, 1H] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-06 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Sumner Lab, MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia. MO, USA | Dr. Bharat Goel | 2024-06-06 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as glutamic acid and derivatives. Glutamic acid and derivatives are compounds containing glutamic acid or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of glutamic acid at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Glutamic acid and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Glutamic acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- Hippuric acid
- Hippuric acid or derivatives
- Pterin
- Pteridine
- Aminobenzoic acid or derivatives
- Aminobenzamide
- Benzoic acid or derivatives
- Benzamide
- Phenylalkylamine
- Aniline or substituted anilines
- Benzoyl
- Hydroxypyrimidine
- Aralkylamine
- Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine
- Benzenoid
- Pyrimidine
- Pyrazine
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Amino acid
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Secondary amine
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Kopczynska E, Ziolkowski M, Jendryczka-Mackiewicz E, Odrowaz-Sypniewska G, Opozda K, Tyrakowski T: [The concentrations of homocysteine, folic acid and vitamin B12 in alcohol dependent male patients]. Psychiatr Pol. 2004 Sep-Oct;38(5):947-56. [PubMed:15523939 ]
- Gregory JF 3rd, Williamson J, Liao JF, Bailey LB, Toth JP: Kinetic model of folate metabolism in nonpregnant women consuming [2H2]folic acid: isotopic labeling of urinary folate and the catabolite para-acetamidobenzoylglutamate indicates slow, intake-dependent, turnover of folate pools. J Nutr. 1998 Nov;128(11):1896-906. [PubMed:9808640 ]
- Lin Y, Dueker SR, Follett JR, Fadel JG, Arjomand A, Schneider PD, Miller JW, Green R, Buchholz BA, Vogel JS, Phair RD, Clifford AJ: Quantitation of in vivo human folate metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Sep;80(3):680-91. [PubMed:15321809 ]
- Rodriguez Flores J, Penalvo GC, Mansilla AE, Gomez MJ: Capillary electrophoretic determination of methotrexate, leucovorin and folic acid in human urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2005 May 5;819(1):141-7. [PubMed:15797531 ]
- Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8. [PubMed:11959400 ]
- Litwin M, Abuauba M, Wawer ZT, Grenda R, Kuryl T, Pietraszek E: [Sulphur amino acids, vitamin B12 and folic acid in children with chronic renal failure]. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2000 Apr;8(46):268-9. [PubMed:10897644 ]
- Gregory JF 3rd, Williamson J, Bailey LB, Toth JP: Urinary excretion of [2H4]folate by nonpregnant women following a single oral dose of [2H4]folic acid is a functional index of folate nutritional status. J Nutr. 1998 Nov;128(11):1907-12. [PubMed:9808641 ]
- Dietrich M, Brown CJ, Block G: The effect of folate fortification of cereal-grain products on blood folate status, dietary folate intake, and dietary folate sources among adult non-supplement users in the United States. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Aug;24(4):266-74. [PubMed:16093404 ]
- Pufulete M, Al-Ghnaniem R, Khushal A, Appleby P, Harris N, Gout S, Emery PW, Sanders TA: Effect of folic acid supplementation on genomic DNA methylation in patients with colorectal adenoma. Gut. 2005 May;54(5):648-53. [PubMed:15831910 ]
- Clifford AJ, Arjomand A, Dueker SR, Schneider PD, Buchholz BA, Vogel JS: The dynamics of folic acid metabolism in an adult given a small tracer dose of 14C-folic acid. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1998;445:239-51. [PubMed:9781393 ]
- Olthof MR, Bots ML, Katan MB, Verhoef P: Effect of folic acid and betaine supplementation on flow-mediated dilation: a randomized, controlled study in healthy volunteers. PLoS Clin Trials. 2006 Jun;1(2):e10. Epub 2006 Jun 9. [PubMed:16871332 ]
- Stern LL, Bagley PJ, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J: Conversion of 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid to 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid is unimpaired in folate-adequate persons homozygous for the C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene. J Nutr. 2000 Sep;130(9):2238-42. [PubMed:10958818 ]
- Stuerenburg HJ, Ganzer S, Arlt S, Muller-Thomsen T: The influence of smoking on plasma folate and lipoproteins in Alzheimer disease, mild cognitive impairment and depression. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2005 Jun;26(3):261-3. [PubMed:15990733 ]
- Cahill E, McPartlin J, Gibney MJ: The effects of fasting and refeeding healthy volunteers on serum folate levels. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998;68(2):142-5. [PubMed:9565830 ]
- Raiten DJ, Fisher KD: Assessment of folate methodology used in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994). J Nutr. 1995 May;125(5):1371S-1398S. [PubMed:7738698 ]
- Zittoun J: [Anemias due to disorder of folate, vitamin B12 and transcobalamin metabolism]. Rev Prat. 1993 Jun 1;43(11):1358-63. [PubMed:8235383 ]
- Kamen B: Folate and antifolate pharmacology. Semin Oncol. 1997 Oct;24(5 Suppl 18):S18-30-S18-39. [PubMed:9420019 ]
- Fenech M, Aitken C, Rinaldi J: Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine status and DNA damage in young Australian adults. Carcinogenesis. 1998 Jul;19(7):1163-71. [PubMed:9683174 ]
- Bibbins-Domingo K, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Davidson KW, Epling JW Jr, Garcia FA, Kemper AR, Krist AH, Kurth AE, Landefeld CS, Mangione CM, Phillips WR, Phipps MG, Pignone MP, Silverstein M, Tseng CW: Folic Acid Supplementation for the Prevention of Neural Tube Defects: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Jan 10;317(2):183-189. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.19438. [PubMed:28097362 ]
- Rossi M, Amaretti A, Raimondi S: Folate production by probiotic bacteria. Nutrients. 2011 Jan;3(1):118-34. doi: 10.3390/nu3010118. Epub 2011 Jan 18. [PubMed:22254078 ]
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