Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:39:32 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000365 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol |
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Description | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol, also known as DHPG or DOPEG, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. It is a potent antioxidant (PMID: 30007612 ). In mammals, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol is the primary metabolite of norepinephrine and is generated through the action of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO). DHPG is then further metabolized by the enzyme Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). Within humans, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol can be biosynthesized from 3,4-dihydroxymandelaldehyde; which is mediated by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 1A. In addition, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and guaiacol can be converted into vanylglycol and pyrocatechol through its interaction with the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase. Outside of the human body, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol is found, on average, in the highest concentration in olives. High levels of DHPG (up to 368 mg/kg of dry weight) have been found in the pulp of natural black olives. This could make 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol a potential biomarker for the consumption of olives and olive oil. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol has been linked to Menkes disease (PMID: 19234788 ). DHPG level are lower in Menkes patients (3.57 ± 0.40 NM) than healthy infants 8.91 ± 0.77 NM). Menkes disease (also called “kinky hair disease”) is an X-linked recessive neurodevelopmental disorder caused by defects in a gene that encodes a copper-transporting ATPase (ATP7A). Affected infants typically appear healthy at birth and show normal neurodevelopment for 2-3 months. Subsequently there is loss of milestones (e.G., Smiling, visual tracking, head control) and death in late infancy or childhood (PMID: 19234788 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C8H10O4/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8-12H,4H2 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene glycol | ChEBI | 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol | ChEBI | 2-Hydroxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy)phenylethanol | ChEBI | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl glycol | ChEBI | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyl glycol | ChEBI | beta,3,4-Trihydroxy phenethyl alcohol | ChEBI | DHPG | ChEBI | Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol | ChEBI | DOPEG | ChEBI | b,3,4-Trihydroxy phenethyl alcohol | Generator | Β,3,4-trihydroxy phenethyl alcohol | Generator | 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethyleneglycol | HMDB | 4-(1,2-Dihydroxyethyl)-1,2-benzenediol | HMDB | DL-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylglycol | HMDB | Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, (+-)-isomer | HMDB | Dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, (S)-isomer | HMDB | Dihydroxyphenylglycine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C8H10O4 |
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Average Mass | 170.1626 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 170.05791 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 4-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)benzene-1,2-diol |
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Traditional Name | 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol |
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CAS Registry Number | 28822-73-3 |
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SMILES | OCC(O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C8H10O4/c9-4-8(12)5-1-2-6(10)7(11)3-5/h1-3,8-12H,4H2 |
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InChI Key | MTVWFVDWRVYDOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as catechols. Catechols are compounds containing a 1,2-benzenediol moiety. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Benzenoids |
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Class | Phenols |
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Sub Class | Benzenediols |
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Direct Parent | Catechols |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Catechol
- 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Secondary alcohol
- 1,2-diol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aromatic alcohol
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 130 - 132 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | -1.01 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Julien C, Rodriguez C, Sacquet J, Cuisinaud G, Sassard J: Liquid-chromatographic determination of free and total 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol in urine. Clin Chem. 1988 May;34(5):966-9. [PubMed:3370800 ]
- Nakada T, Sasagawa I, Kubota Y, Suzuki H, Ishigooka M, Watanabe M: Dihydroxyphenylglycol in pheochromocytoma: its diagnostic use for norepinephrine dominant tumor. J Urol. 1996 Jan;155(1):14-8. [PubMed:7490813 ]
- Eisenhofer G, Brush JE, Cannon RO 3rd, Stull R, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS: Plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine and total body and regional noradrenergic activity in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1989 Feb;68(2):247-55. [PubMed:2563731 ]
- Divers WA Jr, Wilkes MM, Babaknia A, Yen SS: Maternal smoking and elevation of catecholamines and metabolites in the amniotic fluid. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Nov 15;141(6):625-8. [PubMed:7315891 ]
- Graham PE, Smythe GA, Edwards GA, Lazarus L: Laboratory diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma: which analytes should we measure? Ann Clin Biochem. 1993 Mar;30 ( Pt 2):129-34. [PubMed:8466142 ]
- Machida M, Sakaguchi A, Kamada S, Fujimoto T, Takechi S, Kakinoki S, Nomura A: Simultaneous analysis of human plasma catecholamines by high-performance liquid chromatography with a reversed-phase triacontylsilyl silica column. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006 Jan 18;830(2):249-54. Epub 2005 Nov 21. [PubMed:16301006 ]
- Eisenhofer G, Kopin IJ, Goldstein DS: Catecholamine metabolism: a contemporary view with implications for physiology and medicine. Pharmacol Rev. 2004 Sep;56(3):331-49. [PubMed:15317907 ]
- Baskys A, Fang L, Bayazitov I: Activation of neuroprotective pathways by metabotropic group I glutamate receptors: a potential target for drug discovery? Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Aug;1053:55-73. [PubMed:16179509 ]
- Esler MD, Lambert GW, Ferrier C, Kaye DM, Wallin BG, Kalff V, Kelly MJ, Jennings GL: Central nervous system noradrenergic control of sympathetic outflow in normotensive and hypertensive humans. Clin Exp Hypertens. 1995 Jan-Feb;17(1-2):409-23. [PubMed:7735286 ]
- Divers WA, Wilkes MM, Babaknia A, Hill LM, Quilligan EJ, Yen SS: Amniotic fluid catecholamines and metabolites in intrauterine growth retardation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Nov 15;141(6):608-10. [PubMed:7315888 ]
- Elsworth JD, Roth RH, Redmond DE Jr: Relative importance of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol as norepinephrine metabolites in rat, monkey, and humans. J Neurochem. 1983 Sep;41(3):786-93. [PubMed:6875564 ]
- Loo H, Scatton B, Dennis T, Benkelfat C, Gay C, Poirier-Littre MF, Garreau M, Vanelle JM, Olie JP, Deniker P: [Study of noradrenaline metabolism in depressed patients by the determination of plasma dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol]. Encephale. 1983;9(4):297-316. [PubMed:6671452 ]
- Bermudez-Oria A, Rodriguez-Gutierrez G, Rodriguez-Juan E, Gonzalez-Benjumea A, Fernandez-Bolanos J: Molecular interactions between 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol and pectin and antioxidant capacity of this complex in vitro. Carbohydr Polym. 2018 Oct 1;197:260-268. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.089. Epub 2018 May 31. [PubMed:30007612 ]
- Goldstein DS, Holmes CS, Kaler SG: Relative efficiencies of plasma catechol levels and ratios for neonatal diagnosis of menkes disease. Neurochem Res. 2009 Aug;34(8):1464-8. doi: 10.1007/s11064-009-9933-8. Epub 2009 Feb 21. [PubMed:19234788 ]
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