| Record Information |
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| Version | 2.0 |
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| Created at | 2006-08-12 20:15:26 UTC |
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| Updated at | 2025-07-16 00:03:47 UTC |
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| NP-MRD ID | NP0000286 |
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| Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/4315 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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| Natural Product Identification |
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| Common Name | D-Serine |
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| Description | D-serine is a stereo-isomer of the common amino acid, L-serine. D-serine was only thought to exist in bacteria until relatively recently. D-serine was the second D amino acid discovered to naturally exist in humans. The first one was D-aspartate. D-serine is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase (SRR), and it is degraded by D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). It is found in high abundance in the brain. D-serine acts on the glycine binding site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and modulates glutamate-mediated receptor activation. For the receptor to open, glutamate and either glycine or D-serine must bind to it. In fact, D-serine is a more potent agonist at the glycine site on the NMDAR than glycine itself. The importance of D-serine in mammalian brain function is apparent from extensive investigations reported and reviewed over the past decade, including roles in synaptic plasticity and memory. D-serine is also implicated in the pathophysiology and therapy of several psychiatric and neurological conditions including schizophrenia and glioma. In schizophrenia, there is evidence that D-serine levels are decreased, a deficiency that may contribute to the proposed NMDAR hypofunction of the disorder and that has led to D-serine replenishment as a novel therapeutic strategy. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (2R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid | ChEBI | | (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-propionic acid | ChEBI | | (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid | ChEBI | | D-Serin | ChEBI | | DSN | ChEBI | | (2R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate | Generator | | (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxy-propionate | Generator | | (R)-2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoate | Generator | | DL-Serine | HMDB | | Serine D-form | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C3H7NO3 |
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| Average Mass | 105.0926 Da |
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| Monoisotopic Mass | 105.04259 Da |
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| IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | D-serine |
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| CAS Registry Number | 312-84-5 |
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| SMILES | N[C@H](CO)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H7NO3/c4-2(1-5)3(6)7/h2,5H,1,4H2,(H,6,7)/t2-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UWTATZPHSA-N |
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| Experimental Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| HSQC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | rjm4kd@umsystem.edu | Sumner lab, University of Missouri | Ronald Myers | 2025-07-14 | View Spectrum | | HMBC NMR | [1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | rjm4kd@umsystem.edu | Sumner lab, University of Missouri | Ronald Myers | 2025-07-14 | View Spectrum | | COSY NMR | [1H, 1H] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | rjm4kd@umsystem.edu | Sumner lab, University of Missouri | Ronald Myers | 2025-07-14 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | rjm4kd@umsystem.edu | Sumner lab, University of Missouri | Ronald Myers | 2025-07-14 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600.0 MHz, C2D6OS, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 5%_DMSO, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| | Predicted Spectra |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| | Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600.0, C2D6OS, simulated) | rjm4kd@umsystem.edu | Sumner lab, University of Missouri | Ronald Myers | 2025-07-14 | View Spectrum |
| | Species |
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| Species of Origin | |
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| Species Where Detected | |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as serine and derivatives. Serine and derivatives are compounds containing serine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of serine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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| Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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| Direct Parent | Serine and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Serine or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- D-alpha-amino acid
- Beta-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Alcohol
- Primary amine
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organic oxide
- Organopnictogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Properties | |
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| Predicted Properties | |
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| General References | - Boehning D, Snyder SH: Novel neural modulators. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2003;26:105-31. [PubMed:14527267 ]
- Metzner L, Kottra G, Neubert K, Daniel H, Brandsch M: Serotonin, L-tryptophan, and tryptamine are effective inhibitors of the amino acid transport system PAT1. FASEB J. 2005 Sep;19(11):1468-73. [PubMed:16126914 ]
- Nagata Y, Higashi M, Ishii Y, Sano H, Tanigawa M, Nagata K, Noguchi K, Urade M: The presence of high concentrations of free D-amino acids in human saliva. Life Sci. 2006 Mar 6;78(15):1677-81. Epub 2006 Feb 9. [PubMed:16480744 ]
- Roesch PL, Redford P, Batchelet S, Moritz RL, Pellett S, Haugen BJ, Blattner FR, Welch RA: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli use d-serine deaminase to modulate infection of the murine urinary tract. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jul;49(1):55-67. [PubMed:12823810 ]
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