Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 23:58:00 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000278 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Oxalacetic acid |
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Description | Oxalacetic acid, also known as oxaloacetic acid, keto-oxaloacetate or 2-oxobutanedioate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. Oxalacetic acid is a metabolic intermediate in many processes that occur in animals and plants. It takes part in gluconeogenesis, the urea cycle, the glyoxylate cycle, amino acid synthesis, fatty acid synthesis and the citric acid cycle. Oxalacetic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans. Within humans, oxalacetic acid participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, oxalacetic acid is an intermediate of the citric acid cycle, where it reacts with acetyl-CoA to form citrate, catalyzed by citrate synthase. It is also involved in gluconeogenesis and the urea cycle. In gluconeogenesis oxaloacetate is decarboxylated and phosphorylated by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and becomes 2-phosphoenolpyruvate using guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as phosphate source. In the urea cycle, malate is acted on by malate dehydrogenase to become oxaloacetate, producing a molecule of NADH. After that, oxaloacetate can be recycled to aspartate, as this recycling maintains the flow of nitrogen into the cell. In mice, injections of oxalacetic acid have been shown to promote brain mitochondrial biogenesis, activate the insulin signaling pathway, reduce neuroinflammation and activate hippocampal neurogenesis (PMID: 25027327 ). Oxalacetic acid has also been reported to reduce hyperglycemia in type II diabetes and to extend longevity in C. Elegans (PMID: 25027327 ). Outside of the human body, oxalacetic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as Persian limes, lemon balms, wild rice, canola, and peanuts. This could make oxalacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C4H4O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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2-Oxobutanedioic acid | ChEBI | 2-Oxosuccinic acid | ChEBI | 3-Carboxy-3-oxopropanoic acid | ChEBI | Keto-succinic acid | ChEBI | Ketosuccinic acid | ChEBI | OAA | ChEBI | Oxobutanedioic acid | ChEBI | Oxosuccinic acid | ChEBI | Oxaloacetic acid | Kegg | Keto-oxaloacetate | Kegg | 2-Oxobutanedioate | Generator | 2-Oxosuccinate | Generator | 3-Carboxy-3-oxopropanoate | Generator | Keto-succinate | Generator | Ketosuccinate | Generator | Oxobutanedioate | Generator | Oxosuccinate | Generator | Oxaloacetate | Generator | Keto-oxaloacetic acid | Generator | Oxalacetate | Generator | 2-Ketosuccinate | HMDB | 2-Ketosuccinic acid | HMDB | a-Ketosuccinate | HMDB | a-Ketosuccinic acid | HMDB | alpha-Ketosuccinate | HMDB | alpha-Ketosuccinic acid | HMDB | Oxaloethanoate | HMDB | Oxaloethanoic acid | HMDB | Acid, oxaloacetic | HMDB | Acid, oxalacetic | HMDB | 2 Ketosuccinic acid | HMDB | 2 oxo Butanedioic acid | HMDB | 2-oxo-Butanedioic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C4H4O5 |
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Average Mass | 132.0716 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 132.00587 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-oxobutanedioic acid |
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Traditional Name | oxalacetate |
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CAS Registry Number | 328-42-7 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)CC(=O)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H4O5/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h1H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9) |
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InChI Key | KHPXUQMNIQBQEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as short-chain keto acids and derivatives. These are keto acids with an alkyl chain the contains less than 6 carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Keto acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Short-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Short-chain keto acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Beta-keto acid
- Short-chain keto acid
- Alpha-keto acid
- Beta-hydroxy ketone
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
- Alpha-hydroxy ketone
- Ketone
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carbonyl group
- Organooxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Efimov AS, Gulyi MF, Shcherbak AV, Dzvonkevich ND: [Levels of Krebs cycle metabolites in the blood and urine of patients with diabetes mellitus]. Probl Endokrinol (Mosk). 1983 Mar-Apr;29(2):10-4. [PubMed:6856592 ]
- el-Sharabasy MM: Observations on calcium oxalate stone formers. Br J Urol. 1992 Nov;70(5):474-7. [PubMed:1361403 ]
- Dworzak E, Grunicke H, Berger H, Jarosch E, Haas H, Hopfel I: [Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency in a child with persistent lactic acidosis]. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1985 Jun;23(6):323-9. [PubMed:3926941 ]
- Koike K, Koike M: Fluorescent analysis of alpha-keto acids in serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem. 1984 Sep;141(2):481-7. [PubMed:6437276 ]
- Esenmo E, Chandramouli V, Schumann WC, Kumaran K, Wahren J, Landau BR: Use of 14CO2 in estimating rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jul;263(1 Pt 1):E36-41. [PubMed:1322046 ]
- Petrarulo M, Facchini P, Cerelli E, Marangella M, Linari F: Citrate in urine determined with a new citrate lyase method. Clin Chem. 1995 Oct;41(10):1518-21. [PubMed:7586527 ]
- Sperl W, Maurer H, Dworschak E, Hopfel I, Hammerer I: [Lactic acid acidosis with mitochondrial myopathy due to a pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency]. Padiatr Padol. 1985;20(1):55-67. [PubMed:3919358 ]
- Olubuyide IO, Festing MF, Chapman C, Higginson J, Whicher JT: Discriminant analysis of biochemical parameters in liver disease. Trop Gastroenterol. 1997 Jan-Mar;18(1):15-9. [PubMed:9197166 ]
- Rabinovich PD, Miliushkin PV: [Content of biological oxidation metabolites in the blood and urine of peptic ulcer patients]. Vopr Med Khim. 1979 Nov-Dec;25(6):755-8. [PubMed:516538 ]
- Schauenstein E, Kronberger L, Schaur RJ, Fink E, Georgiopulos E: [Malate and oxaloacetate levels in whole blood of patients with and without malignant tumor diseases]. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1973 Jun 29;85(26):478-82. [PubMed:4717666 ]
- Allen RH, Stabler SP, Savage DG, Lindenbaum J: Elevation of 2-methylcitric acid I and II levels in serum, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cobalamin deficiency. Metabolism. 1993 Aug;42(8):978-88. [PubMed:8345822 ]
- Wong LT, Davidson AG, Applegarth DA, Dimmick JE, Norman MG, Toone JR, Pirie G, Wong J: Biochemical and histologic pathology in an infant with cross-reacting material (negative) pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 1986 Mar;20(3):274-9. [PubMed:3085060 ]
- Wilkins HM, Harris JL, Carl SM, E L, Lu J, Eva Selfridge J, Roy N, Hutfles L, Koppel S, Morris J, Burns JM, Michaelis ML, Michaelis EK, Brooks WM, Swerdlow RH: Oxaloacetate activates brain mitochondrial biogenesis, enhances the insulin pathway, reduces inflammation and stimulates neurogenesis. Hum Mol Genet. 2014 Dec 15;23(24):6528-41. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddu371. Epub 2014 Jul 15. [PubMed:25027327 ]
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