Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2006-08-13 05:31:00 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-17 15:41:23 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000252 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | D-Pantethine |
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Description | D-Pantethine, also known as pantetina or pantomin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom. Most vitamin B5 supplements are in the form of calcium pantothenate, a salt of pantothenic acid, with doses in the range of 5 to 10 mg/day. Pantethine is available in the United States as a dietary supplement because of evidence of its health benefits for lowering elevated LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and raising HDL-cholesterol (the 'good' cholesterol). In contrast, pantethine is sold as a dietary supplement for lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides at doses of 500 to 1200 mg/day. These clinical trials were conducted with daily intakes ranging from 600 to 1200 mg/day. Pantethine (bis-pantethine or co-enzyme pantethine) is a dimeric form of pantetheine, which is produced from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) by the addition of cysteamine. D-Pantethine is a drug. Pantetheine is an intermediate in the production of coenzyme A by the body. In multiple clinical trials of patients with elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, total and LDL cholesterol were decreased by an average of 12%, triglycerides decreased by 19%, and HDL cholesterol was increased by 9%. Pantethine is composed of two molecules of pantetheine linked by a bridging disulfide. Most of the literature on pantethine and lipids is 20 to 30 years old, but recent carefully controlled trials of 600 and 900 mg/d doses have shown similar statistically significant lowering of LDL cholesterol in individuals with greatly or moderately elevated levels of blood lipids. A few trials conducted in Japan tested 300 mg/day and reported decreases in total cholesterol of about 4%, increases in HDL-cholesterol of 5% and inconsistent results for triglycerides. Direct dose-response evidence is not available because no trial tested more than one dose. Within this dose range there is no evidence of a dose-effect relationship, i.E. Changes in lipid concentrations overlapped across the range of doses. |
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Structure | CC(C)(CO)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)CO InChI=1S/C22H42N4O8S2/c1-21(2,13-27)17(31)19(33)25-7-5-15(29)23-9-11-35-36-12-10-24-16(30)6-8-26-20(34)18(32)22(3,4)14-28/h17-18,27-28,31-32H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,30)(H,25,33)(H,26,34)/t17-,18-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(R-(R*,r*))-N,n'-(dithiobis(ethyleneimino(3-oxopropane-3,1-diyl)))bis(2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyramide) | ChEBI | Bis(pantothenamidoethyl) disulfide | ChEBI | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-beta-aminoethyl) disulfide | ChEBI | N-[2-[2-[2-[3-[(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl)amino]propanoylamino]ethyldisulfanyl]ethylcarbamoyl]ethyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanamide | ChEBI | Pantetina | ChEBI | Pantomin | ChEBI | Bis(pantothenamidoethyl) disulphide | Generator | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-b-aminoethyl) disulfide | Generator | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-b-aminoethyl) disulphide | Generator | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-beta-aminoethyl) disulphide | Generator | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-β-aminoethyl) disulfide | Generator | D-Bis(N-pantothenyl-β-aminoethyl) disulphide | Generator | N-[2-[2-[2-[3-[(2,4-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanoyl)amino]propanoylamino]ethyldisulphanyl]ethylcarbamoyl]ethyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-butanamide | Generator | Lipodel | HMDB | Liponet | HMDB | Obliterol | HMDB | Pantethine, (D)-(+)-isomer | HMDB | Pantethine, 14C-labeled CPD | HMDB | Pantethine | HMDB | Pantosin | HMDB | D-Pantethine | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C22H42N4O8S2 |
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Average Mass | 554.7210 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 554.24441 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-N-[2-({2-[(2-{3-[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamido]propanamido}ethyl)disulfanyl]ethyl}carbamoyl)ethyl]-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanamide |
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Traditional Name | pantethine |
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CAS Registry Number | 16816-67-4 |
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SMILES | CC(C)(CO)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCSSCCNC(=O)CCNC(=O)[C@H](O)C(C)(C)CO |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C22H42N4O8S2/c1-21(2,13-27)17(31)19(33)25-7-5-15(29)23-9-11-35-36-12-10-24-16(30)6-8-26-20(34)18(32)22(3,4)14-28/h17-18,27-28,31-32H,5-14H2,1-4H3,(H,23,29)(H,24,30)(H,25,33)(H,26,34)/t17-,18-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | DJWYOLJPSHDSAL-ROUUACIJSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as beta amino acids and derivatives. These are amino acids having a (-NH2) group attached to the beta carbon atom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Beta amino acids and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Beta amino acid or derivatives
- Fatty amide
- Monosaccharide
- N-acyl-amine
- Fatty acyl
- Carboxamide group
- Organic disulfide
- Secondary alcohol
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Dialkyldisulfide
- Sulfenyl compound
- Primary alcohol
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Alcohol
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 56640 mg/L @ 25 °C (est) | The Good Scents Company Information System | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Rana A, Seinen E, Siudeja K, Muntendam R, Srinivasan B, van der Want JJ, Hayflick S, Reijngoud DJ, Kayser O, Sibon OC: Pantethine rescues a Drosophila model for pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):6988-93. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0912105107. Epub 2010 Mar 29. [PubMed:20351285 ]
- Cornille E, Abou-Hamdan M, Khrestchatisky M, Nieoullon A, de Reggi M, Gharib B: Enhancement of L-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and circulating ketone body levels by pantethine. Relevance to dopaminergic injury. BMC Neurosci. 2010 Apr 23;11:51. doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-11-51. [PubMed:20416081 ]
- Authors unspecified: Pantethine. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010 Sep;15(3):279-82. [PubMed:21155629 ]
- Balibar CJ, Hollis-Symynkywicz MF, Tao J: Pantethine rescues phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase and phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase deficiency in Escherichia coli but not in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Bacteriol. 2011 Jul;193(13):3304-12. doi: 10.1128/JB.00334-11. Epub 2011 May 6. [PubMed:21551303 ]
- Rumberger JA, Napolitano J, Azumano I, Kamiya T, Evans M: Pantethine, a derivative of vitamin B(5) used as a nutritional supplement, favorably alters low-density lipoprotein cholesterol metabolism in low- to moderate-cardiovascular risk North American subjects: a triple-blinded placebo and diet-controlled investigation. Nutr Res. 2011 Aug;31(8):608-15. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.08.001. [PubMed:21925346 ]
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