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Showing NP-Card for Glycogen (NP0000229)

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Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2021-08-19 23:57:57 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000229
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameGlycogen
DescriptionGlycogen is a highly-branched polymer of about 30,000 glucose residues. The simplest structure of glycogen is made up of four units of glucose with an approximate molecular weight of 666 daltons. However, large molecules of glycogen can reach molecular weights in the order of 5 million Da. Most of the glucose units are linked together by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds, and approximately 1 in 12 glucose residues also form a 1,6 glycosidic bond with a second glucose, resulting in the creation of a branch. Glycogen only has one reducing end and a large number of non-reducing ends with a free hydroxyl group at carbon 4. The glycogen granules contain both glycogen and the enzymes of glycogen synthesis (glycogenesis) and degradation (glycogenolysis). The enzymes are nested between the outer branches of the glycogen molecules and act on the non-reducing ends. Therefore, the many non-reducing end-branches of glycogen facilitate its rapid synthesis and breakdown. In hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin, liver glycogen levels are high, but the high insulin level prevents the necessary glycogenolysis to take place to maintain normal blood sugar levels. Glucagon is a common treatment for this type of hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose (Glc) in animal cells. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol in many cell types. Hepatocytes (liver cells) have the highest concentration of it - up to 8% of the fresh weight in well fed state, or 100 to 120 g in an adult - giving liver a distinctive, 'starchy taste'. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a much lower concentration (1% of the muscle mass), but the total amount exceeds that in liver. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells.
Structure
Thumb
MOLSDF3D-SDFPDBSMILESInChI

MOL for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

 
  Mrv1652305271900142D          
 
 45 48  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   12.3910  -11.5456    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6900  -10.7275    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.6306  -11.9259    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.9391  -12.1409    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.5239  -10.5938    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0257   -9.8861    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.8518  -11.6611    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.7257  -12.0046    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6795  -12.9302    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.0300  -11.2546    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6002   -9.2996    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.5476  -10.8979    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.3247  -12.3245    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.2450  -12.6444    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.8691  -11.3647    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0653   -8.6729    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.7190  -10.7931    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.5249  -12.2143    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.7143  -12.9273    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.5115  -10.8534    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.3406   -7.8993    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.2550   -8.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.2076  -11.4591    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.2304  -10.2059    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.0189  -12.8725    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.5561  -10.0274    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.2222  -11.2809    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.8057   -7.2726    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.7201   -8.2034    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.9928   -9.5288    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.3920  -11.3673    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.4941   -9.7013    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.2956   -9.6419    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.8487   -9.4365    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.9302  -10.9137    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.1907  -12.1121    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.9928   -7.4246    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.2293   -6.3565    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.9125   -8.3712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.9826  -10.0877    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.1030   -8.7687    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   17.6146  -11.3673    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.4290   -6.7979    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7272   -5.8702    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   17.6860   -9.7153    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  6  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  1  0  0  0
  7  3  1  6  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  4  9  1  1  0  0  0
  5 10  1  0  0  0  0
  6 11  1  0  0  0  0
  7 12  1  0  0  0  0
  7 13  1  0  0  0  0
  8 14  1  6  0  0  0
 10 15  1  6  0  0  0
 16 11  1  6  0  0  0
 12 17  1  0  0  0  0
 13 18  1  0  0  0  0
 13 19  1  6  0  0  0
 20 15  1  6  0  0  0
 16 21  1  0  0  0  0
 16 22  1  0  0  0  0
 17 23  1  0  0  0  0
 17 24  1  1  0  0  0
 18 25  1  1  0  0  0
 20 26  1  0  0  0  0
 20 27  1  0  0  0  0
 21 28  1  0  0  0  0
 22 29  1  0  0  0  0
 22 30  1  6  0  0  0
 23 31  1  6  0  0  0
 24 32  1  0  0  0  0
 26 33  1  0  0  0  0
 26 34  1  1  0  0  0
 27 35  1  0  0  0  0
 27 36  1  1  0  0  0
 28 37  1  0  0  0  0
 28 38  1  1  0  0  0
 29 39  1  1  0  0  0
 33 40  1  0  0  0  0
 34 41  1  0  0  0  0
 35 42  1  6  0  0  0
 37 43  1  6  0  0  0
 38 44  1  0  0  0  0
 40 45  1  6  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
 18 23  1  0  0  0  0
 29 37  1  0  0  0  0
 35 40  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

SDF for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

 
  Mrv1652305271900142D          
 
 45 48  0  0  1  0            999 V2000
   12.3910  -11.5456    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6900  -10.7275    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.6306  -11.9259    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.9391  -12.1409    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.5239  -10.5938    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0257   -9.8861    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.8518  -11.6611    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   13.7257  -12.0046    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6795  -12.9302    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.0300  -11.2546    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.6002   -9.2996    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.5476  -10.8979    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.3247  -12.3245    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.2450  -12.6444    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.8691  -11.3647    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.0653   -8.6729    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.7190  -10.7931    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.5249  -12.2143    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.7143  -12.9273    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.5115  -10.8534    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.3406   -7.8993    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.2550   -8.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.2076  -11.4591    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.2304  -10.2059    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.0189  -12.8725    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.5561  -10.0274    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.2222  -11.2809    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.8057   -7.2726    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.7201   -8.2034    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.9928   -9.5288    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    8.3920  -11.3673    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.4941   -9.7013    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.2956   -9.6419    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   14.8487   -9.4365    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.9302  -10.9137    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.1907  -12.1121    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.9928   -7.4246    0.0000 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   12.2293   -6.3565    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    9.9125   -8.3712    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   16.9826  -10.0877    0.0000 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   15.1030   -8.7687    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   17.6146  -11.3673    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   10.4290   -6.7979    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   11.7272   -5.8702    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   17.6860   -9.7153    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0  0  0  0
  1  3  1  6  0  0  0
  1  4  1  0  0  0  0
  2  5  1  0  0  0  0
  2  6  1  1  0  0  0
  7  3  1  6  0  0  0
  4  8  1  0  0  0  0
  4  9  1  1  0  0  0
  5 10  1  0  0  0  0
  6 11  1  0  0  0  0
  7 12  1  0  0  0  0
  7 13  1  0  0  0  0
  8 14  1  6  0  0  0
 10 15  1  6  0  0  0
 16 11  1  6  0  0  0
 12 17  1  0  0  0  0
 13 18  1  0  0  0  0
 13 19  1  6  0  0  0
 20 15  1  6  0  0  0
 16 21  1  0  0  0  0
 16 22  1  0  0  0  0
 17 23  1  0  0  0  0
 17 24  1  1  0  0  0
 18 25  1  1  0  0  0
 20 26  1  0  0  0  0
 20 27  1  0  0  0  0
 21 28  1  0  0  0  0
 22 29  1  0  0  0  0
 22 30  1  6  0  0  0
 23 31  1  6  0  0  0
 24 32  1  0  0  0  0
 26 33  1  0  0  0  0
 26 34  1  1  0  0  0
 27 35  1  0  0  0  0
 27 36  1  1  0  0  0
 28 37  1  0  0  0  0
 28 38  1  1  0  0  0
 29 39  1  1  0  0  0
 33 40  1  0  0  0  0
 34 41  1  0  0  0  0
 35 42  1  6  0  0  0
 37 43  1  6  0  0  0
 38 44  1  0  0  0  0
 40 45  1  6  0  0  0
  8 10  1  0  0  0  0
 18 23  1  0  0  0  0
 29 37  1  0  0  0  0
 35 40  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0000229

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]3CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(28)11(30)16(35)22(41-5)39-4-8-20(45-23-17(36)12(31)10(29)6(2-26)42-23)14(33)18(37)24(43-8)44-19-7(3-27)40-21(38)15(34)13(19)32/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1

> <INCHI_KEY>
BYSGBSNPRWKUQH-UJDJLXLFSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C24H42O21

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
666.5777

> <EXACT_MASS>
666.221858406

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
21

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
87

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
61.38637800234001

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
0

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
14

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-2.67

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-8.245046155

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-0.29

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
1

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
4

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA>
11.869173974378574

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
11.191977452335088

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-3.6786216252270156

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
347.83000000000004

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
133.16330000000002

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
10

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
0

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
3.43e+02 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

439177
  -OEChem-03112022193D

 87 90  0     1  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    0.2653   -0.4996   -0.0292 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.1656   -0.0352   -0.5425 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9167   -2.1799   -1.1543 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9548    1.4701   -0.1509 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0523    1.8022    0.7440 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9474    1.1301   -3.1687 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.9597   -3.0849    1.7775 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7511   -2.1684   -1.8757 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.2517    3.5784   -0.2694 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.5465   -1.2936   -1.8964 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.9105   -1.7578   -1.9073 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.0367   -2.0914    0.0275 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.5457   -0.6129    2.4410 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.6207   -2.9575   -0.7541 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.3316    2.3284    3.1857 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1131   -4.8410    0.6791 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.1187    2.2877    2.4074 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.4522    1.7537   -0.3954 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.5094   -3.6432    2.8440 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.7144    3.2186    1.9317 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.5464    3.5298   -2.9830 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.1013    0.7641   -1.0681 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9467    0.7613   -0.0513 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7161    0.1825   -2.4345 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.8977   -1.1033   -2.2966 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.2420   -0.9307   -1.2904 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0044   -2.0852   -0.2376 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.4367    0.4343   -0.9880 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.0357    1.9165   -0.2346 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2959   -2.3809   -1.0027 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.4593   -0.6930   -1.1390 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.8098   -3.0694    0.9238 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9125   -1.2291    0.2175 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3383   -0.0809    1.1347 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.2734    1.0237    1.1720 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4726   -2.5159   -0.0382 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7313    3.0399    0.9477 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8346    2.9382    2.0022 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.1574   -3.4807    1.1060 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0318    2.1392    1.4909 C   0  0  2  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4818    2.6596    0.1243 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.2953    2.7815   -0.8413 C   0  0  1  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.6131   -2.6980    1.7953 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.7440    2.2471    1.9539 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6929    3.4457   -2.1568 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4421    1.8035   -1.1720 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.3732    0.8542    0.9558 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.6086   -0.0364   -3.0303 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.4718   -1.3990   -3.2629 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9629   -0.1994   -1.6744 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0972   -1.0705    0.1777 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3286    0.8772   -1.9859 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.5070    2.8637   -0.1251 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.4983    1.9018   -1.2240 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1916   -3.2760   -1.6267 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.3390   -0.3182   -1.6781 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.6442   -4.0861    0.5433 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.1290   -1.8410    0.6794 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.2970    0.3277    0.7927 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.3523    0.6585    1.6458 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.7036   -1.5252    0.3740 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.9868    3.7531    1.3239 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.1749    3.9463    2.2714 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.9731   -3.4170    1.8358 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.8022    1.0676    1.4552 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.9747    3.6320    0.2443 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8922    1.7889   -1.0791 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.4896    1.9306   -3.2721 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.4421   -2.2750   -2.5514 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3197   -2.7223    1.2254 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7477   -1.7106    2.2489 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    6.6306    2.6898    1.4879 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.9698    1.9939    2.9941 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.6181   -0.4798   -1.3703 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    4.6577   -1.3935   -2.7726 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0560    4.4644   -1.9848 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.4636    2.8697   -2.6778 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    7.7463   -1.5765   -0.3932 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.6925   -0.9452    2.7686 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -6.3517   -3.0331   -0.1172 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.5705    2.8543    3.4855 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.3556   -5.3903    1.4437 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.3372    3.2333    2.4680 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -5.0255    0.8880   -0.5092 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2557   -3.3873    3.3869 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    5.0353    3.9885    2.4315 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.8209    3.9568   -3.8124 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1 23  1  0  0  0  0
  1 26  1  0  0  0  0
  2 22  1  0  0  0  0
  2 28  1  0  0  0  0
  3 26  1  0  0  0  0
  3 27  1  0  0  0  0
  4 28  1  0  0  0  0
  4 35  1  0  0  0  0
  5 29  1  0  0  0  0
  5 37  1  0  0  0  0
  6 24  1  0  0  0  0
  6 68  1  0  0  0  0
  7 32  1  0  0  0  0
  7 39  1  0  0  0  0
  8 25  1  0  0  0  0
  8 69  1  0  0  0  0
  9 37  1  0  0  0  0
  9 42  1  0  0  0  0
 10 30  1  0  0  0  0
 10 74  1  0  0  0  0
 11 31  1  0  0  0  0
 11 75  1  0  0  0  0
 12 33  1  0  0  0  0
 12 78  1  0  0  0  0
 13 34  1  0  0  0  0
 13 79  1  0  0  0  0
 14 36  1  0  0  0  0
 14 80  1  0  0  0  0
 15 38  1  0  0  0  0
 15 81  1  0  0  0  0
 16 39  1  0  0  0  0
 16 82  1  0  0  0  0
 17 40  1  0  0  0  0
 17 83  1  0  0  0  0
 18 41  1  0  0  0  0
 18 84  1  0  0  0  0
 19 43  1  0  0  0  0
 19 85  1  0  0  0  0
 20 44  1  0  0  0  0
 20 86  1  0  0  0  0
 21 45  1  0  0  0  0
 21 87  1  0  0  0  0
 22 23  1  0  0  0  0
 22 24  1  0  0  0  0
 22 46  1  0  0  0  0
 23 29  1  0  0  0  0
 23 47  1  0  0  0  0
 24 25  1  0  0  0  0
 24 48  1  0  0  0  0
 25 26  1  0  0  0  0
 25 49  1  0  0  0  0
 26 50  1  0  0  0  0
 27 30  1  0  0  0  0
 27 32  1  0  0  0  0
 27 51  1  0  0  0  0
 28 31  1  0  0  0  0
 28 52  1  0  0  0  0
 29 53  1  0  0  0  0
 29 54  1  0  0  0  0
 30 36  1  0  0  0  0
 30 55  1  0  0  0  0
 31 33  1  0  0  0  0
 31 56  1  0  0  0  0
 32 43  1  0  0  0  0
 32 57  1  0  0  0  0
 33 34  1  0  0  0  0
 33 58  1  0  0  0  0
 34 35  1  0  0  0  0
 34 59  1  0  0  0  0
 35 44  1  0  0  0  0
 35 60  1  0  0  0  0
 36 39  1  0  0  0  0
 36 61  1  0  0  0  0
 37 38  1  0  0  0  0
 37 62  1  0  0  0  0
 38 40  1  0  0  0  0
 38 63  1  0  0  0  0
 39 64  1  0  0  0  0
 40 41  1  0  0  0  0
 40 65  1  0  0  0  0
 41 42  1  0  0  0  0
 41 66  1  0  0  0  0
 42 45  1  0  0  0  0
 42 67  1  0  0  0  0
 43 70  1  0  0  0  0
 43 71  1  0  0  0  0
 44 72  1  0  0  0  0
 44 73  1  0  0  0  0
 45 76  1  0  0  0  0
 45 77  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <PUBCHEM_COMPOUND_CID>
439177

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_RMSD>
1.4

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_DIVERSEORDER>
1
43
42
4
21
28
8
31
29
9
37
16
17
33
40
36
41
35
34
18
22
14
11
39
19
27
12
3
13
25
5
2
38
44
15
7
24
20
26
45
10
30
23
6
32

> <PUBCHEM_MMFF94_PARTIAL_CHARGES>
59
1 -0.56
10 -0.68
11 -0.68
12 -0.68
13 -0.68
14 -0.68
15 -0.68
16 -0.68
17 -0.68
18 -0.68
19 -0.68
2 -0.56
20 -0.68
21 -0.68
22 0.28
23 0.28
24 0.28
25 0.28
26 0.56
27 0.28
28 0.56
29 0.28
3 -0.56
30 0.28
31 0.28
32 0.28
33 0.28
34 0.28
35 0.28
36 0.28
37 0.56
38 0.28
39 0.56
4 -0.56
40 0.28
41 0.28
42 0.28
43 0.28
44 0.28
45 0.28
5 -0.56
6 -0.68
68 0.4
69 0.4
7 -0.56
74 0.4
75 0.4
78 0.4
79 0.4
8 -0.68
80 0.4
81 0.4
82 0.4
83 0.4
84 0.4
85 0.4
86 0.4
87 0.4
9 -0.56

> <PUBCHEM_EFFECTIVE_ROTOR_COUNT>
14.8

> <PUBCHEM_PHARMACOPHORE_FEATURES>
39
1 1 acceptor
1 10 acceptor
1 10 donor
1 11 acceptor
1 11 donor
1 12 acceptor
1 12 donor
1 13 acceptor
1 13 donor
1 14 acceptor
1 14 donor
1 15 acceptor
1 15 donor
1 16 acceptor
1 16 donor
1 17 acceptor
1 17 donor
1 18 acceptor
1 18 donor
1 19 acceptor
1 19 donor
1 2 acceptor
1 20 acceptor
1 20 donor
1 21 acceptor
1 21 donor
1 3 acceptor
1 4 acceptor
1 5 acceptor
1 6 acceptor
1 6 donor
1 7 acceptor
1 8 acceptor
1 8 donor
1 9 acceptor
6 1 22 23 24 25 26 rings
6 4 28 31 33 34 35 rings
6 7 27 30 32 36 39 rings
6 9 37 38 40 41 42 rings

> <PUBCHEM_HEAVY_ATOM_COUNT>
45

> <PUBCHEM_ATOM_DEF_STEREO_COUNT>
20

> <PUBCHEM_ATOM_UDEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_BOND_DEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_BOND_UDEF_STEREO_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_ISOTOPIC_ATOM_COUNT>
0

> <PUBCHEM_COMPONENT_COUNT>
1

> <PUBCHEM_CACTVS_TAUTO_COUNT>
1

> <PUBCHEM_CONFORMER_ID>
0006B38900000001

> <PUBCHEM_MMFF94_ENERGY>
136.9456

> <PUBCHEM_FEATURE_SELFOVERLAP>
198.253

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_FINGERPRINT>
10074138 170 18410009927186320514
10581848 127 17172041146684185937
11456790 92 18119543274357111523
11578080 2 17274557433299356403
11991303 11 18261118426260597543
12128747 34 18413107239068702662
12156800 1 18268687507783486075
12422481 6 17917168176583840802
12788726 201 18263651821589911994
12977781 61 17773333252520664662
131258 38 15220960198505486641
150020 26 16897367015117600521
15200665 1 18270952458153950058
15775530 1 17843152249642907262
18603816 31 17313376782771977072
244849 19 17058957479732216684
469060 322 18041013847260583765
5080951 261 18342162354749991245
6086070 43 17559690460243406286

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_MULTIPOLES>
802.82
14.73
5.76
2.92
20.8
1.29
0.01
0.33
-4.73
-9.71
-1.82
-0.08
-0.98
1.85

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_SELFOVERLAP>
1665.04

> <PUBCHEM_SHAPE_VOLUME>
447.1

> <PUBCHEM_COORDINATE_TYPE>
2
5
10

$$$$
Download

PDB for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE:                                                   
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  C   UNK     0      23.130 -21.552   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      23.688 -20.025   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  O   UNK     0      21.710 -22.262   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    4  C   UNK     0      24.153 -22.663   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    5  O   UNK     0      25.245 -19.775   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    6  C   UNK     0      22.448 -18.454   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0      20.257 -21.767   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  C   UNK     0      25.621 -22.409   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    9  O   UNK     0      23.668 -24.136   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0      26.189 -21.009   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  O   UNK     0      23.520 -17.359   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   12  O   UNK     0      19.689 -20.343   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   13  C   UNK     0      19.273 -23.006   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   14  O   UNK     0      26.591 -23.603   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   15  O   UNK     0      27.756 -21.214   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   16  C   UNK     0      22.522 -16.189   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   17  C   UNK     0      18.142 -20.147   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   18  C   UNK     0      17.780 -22.800   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   19  O   UNK     0      20.000 -24.131   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   20  C   UNK     0      28.955 -20.260   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   21  O   UNK     0      23.036 -14.745   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   22  C   UNK     0      21.009 -16.473   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   23  C   UNK     0      17.188 -21.390   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   24  C   UNK     0      17.230 -19.051   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   25  O   UNK     0      16.835 -24.029   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   26  C   UNK     0      29.038 -18.718   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   27  C   UNK     0      30.281 -21.058   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   28  C   UNK     0      22.037 -13.576   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   29  C   UNK     0      20.011 -15.313   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   30  O   UNK     0      20.520 -17.787   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   31  O   UNK     0      15.665 -21.219   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   32  O   UNK     0      17.722 -18.109   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   33  O   UNK     0      30.418 -17.998   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   34  C   UNK     0      27.718 -17.615   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   35  C   UNK     0      31.603 -20.372   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   36  O   UNK     0      30.223 -22.609   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   37  C   UNK     0      20.520 -13.859   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   38  C   UNK     0      22.828 -11.865   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   39  O   UNK     0      18.503 -15.626   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   40  C   UNK     0      31.701 -18.830   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   41  O   UNK     0      28.192 -16.368   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   42  O   UNK     0      32.881 -21.219   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   43  O   UNK     0      19.467 -12.689   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   44  O   UNK     0      21.891 -10.958   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM   45  O   UNK     0      33.014 -18.135   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
CONECT    1    2    3    4                                                  
CONECT    2    1    5    6                                                  
CONECT    3    1    7                                                       
CONECT    4    1    8    9                                                  
CONECT    5    2   10                                                       
CONECT    6    2   11                                                       
CONECT    7    3   12   13                                                  
CONECT    8    4   14   10                                                  
CONECT    9    4                                                            
CONECT   10    5   15    8                                                  
CONECT   11    6   16                                                       
CONECT   12    7   17                                                       
CONECT   13    7   18   19                                                  
CONECT   14    8                                                            
CONECT   15   10   20                                                       
CONECT   16   11   21   22                                                  
CONECT   17   12   23   24                                                  
CONECT   18   13   25   23                                                  
CONECT   19   13                                                            
CONECT   20   15   26   27                                                  
CONECT   21   16   28                                                       
CONECT   22   16   29   30                                                  
CONECT   23   17   31   18                                                  
CONECT   24   17   32                                                       
CONECT   25   18                                                            
CONECT   26   20   33   34                                                  
CONECT   27   20   35   36                                                  
CONECT   28   21   37   38                                                  
CONECT   29   22   39   37                                                  
CONECT   30   22                                                            
CONECT   31   23                                                            
CONECT   32   24                                                            
CONECT   33   26   40                                                       
CONECT   34   26   41                                                       
CONECT   35   27   42   40                                                  
CONECT   36   27                                                            
CONECT   37   28   43   29                                                  
CONECT   38   28   44                                                       
CONECT   39   29                                                            
CONECT   40   33   45   35                                                  
CONECT   41   34                                                            
CONECT   42   35                                                            
CONECT   43   37                                                            
CONECT   44   38                                                            
CONECT   45   40                                                            
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   45    0   96    0
END
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SMILES for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]3CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
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INCHI for NP0000229 (Glycogen)

InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(28)11(30)16(35)22(41-5)39-4-8-20(45-23-17(36)12(31)10(29)6(2-26)42-23)14(33)18(37)24(43-8)44-19-7(3-27)40-21(38)15(34)13(19)32/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1
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Synonyms
ValueSource
Animal starchHMDB
Liver starchHMDB
LyoglycogenHMDB
PhytoglycogenHMDB
Chemical FormulaC24H42O21
Average Mass666.5777 Da
Monoisotopic Mass666.22186 Da
IUPAC Name(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Traditional Name(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-2-({[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
CAS Registry Number9005-79-2
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)O[C@@H]3CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(28)11(30)16(35)22(41-5)39-4-8-20(45-23-17(36)12(31)10(29)6(2-26)42-23)14(33)18(37)24(43-8)44-19-7(3-27)40-21(38)15(34)13(19)32/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10-,11+,12+,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21+,22+,23-,24-/m1/s1
InChI KeyBYSGBSNPRWKUQH-UJDJLXLFSA-N
Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart Lab2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, D2O, experimental)Wishart Lab2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 1H] 2D NMR Spectrum (experimental)Wishart Lab2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C] NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart Lab2021-06-20View Spectrum
Species
Species of Origin
  • Animalia
  • Eubacteria
  • Fungi
    • Chemical Taxonomy
    Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds.
    KingdomOrganic compounds
    Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
    ClassOrganooxygen compounds
    Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
    Direct ParentOligosaccharides
    Alternative Parents
    Substituents
    • Oligosaccharide
    • O-glycosyl compound
    • Glycosyl compound
    • Oxane
    • Secondary alcohol
    • Hemiacetal
    • Oxacycle
    • Organoheterocyclic compound
    • Polyol
    • Acetal
    • Hydrocarbon derivative
    • Primary alcohol
    • Alcohol
    • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
    Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
    External Descriptors
    Physical Properties
    StateSolid
    Experimental Properties
    PropertyValueReference
    Melting Point270 - 280 °CNot Available
    Boiling Point1027.20 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
    Water Solubility1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
    LogP-5.590 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
    Predicted Properties
    PropertyValueSource
    Water Solubility343 g/LALOGPS
    logP-2.7ALOGPS
    logP-8.2ChemAxon
    logS-0.29ALOGPS
    pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.19ChemAxon
    pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7ChemAxon
    Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
    Hydrogen Acceptor Count21ChemAxon
    Hydrogen Donor Count14ChemAxon
    Polar Surface Area347.83 ŲChemAxon
    Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
    Refractivity133.16 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
    Polarizability61.39 ųChemAxon
    Number of Rings4ChemAxon
    BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
    Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
    Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
    Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
    MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
    External Links
    HMDB IDHMDB0000757
    DrugBank IDNot Available
    Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
    FoodDB IDFDB022227
    KNApSAcK IDNot Available
    Chemspider ID388322
    KEGG Compound IDC00182
    BioCyc IDNot Available
    BiGG IDNot Available
    Wikipedia LinkGlycogen
    METLIN ID160
    PubChem Compound439177
    PDB IDNot Available
    ChEBI ID28087
    Good Scents IDrw1233951
    References
    General References
    1. Zderic TW, Schenk S, Davidson CJ, Byerley LO, Coyle EF: Manipulation of dietary carbohydrate and muscle glycogen affects glucose uptake during exercise when fat oxidation is impaired by beta-adrenergic blockade. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;287(6):E1195-201. Epub 2004 Aug 17. [PubMed:15315908 ]
    2. Schaart G, Hesselink RP, Keizer HA, van Kranenburg G, Drost MR, Hesselink MK: A modified PAS stain combined with immunofluorescence for quantitative analyses of glycogen in muscle sections. Histochem Cell Biol. 2004 Aug;122(2):161-9. Epub 2004 Aug 3. [PubMed:15322861 ]
    3. Wee SL, Williams C, Tsintzas K, Boobis L: Ingestion of a high-glycemic index meal increases muscle glycogen storage at rest but augments its utilization during subsequent exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2005 Aug;99(2):707-14. Epub 2005 Apr 14. [PubMed:15831796 ]
    4. Zehnder M, Muelli M, Buchli R, Kuehne G, Boutellier U: Further glycogen decrease during early recovery after eccentric exercise despite a high carbohydrate intake. Eur J Nutr. 2004 Jun;43(3):148-59. Epub 2004 Jan 6. [PubMed:15168037 ]
    5. Koopman R, Manders RJ, Jonkers RA, Hul GB, Kuipers H, van Loon LJ: Intramyocellular lipid and glycogen content are reduced following resistance exercise in untrained healthy males. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006 Mar;96(5):525-34. Epub 2005 Dec 21. [PubMed:16369816 ]
    6. Jentjens R, Jeukendrup A: Determinants of post-exercise glycogen synthesis during short-term recovery. Sports Med. 2003;33(2):117-44. [PubMed:12617691 ]
    7. Ouwens DM, van der Zon GC, Maassen JA: Modulation of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis by Src Homology Phosphatase 2. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2001 Apr 25;175(1-2):131-40. [PubMed:11325523 ]
    8. Koppersmith DL, Powers JM, Hennigar GR: Angiomatoid neuroblastoma with cytoplasmic glycogen: a case report and histogenetic considerations. Cancer. 1980 Feb;45(3):553-60. [PubMed:7353205 ]
    9. Kohler G, Boutellier U: Glycogen reduction in non-exercising muscle depends on blood lactate concentration. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;92(4-5):548-54. [PubMed:15170570 ]
    10. Crosson SM, Khan A, Printen J, Pessin JE, Saltiel AR: PTG gene deletion causes impaired glycogen synthesis and developmental insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2003 May;111(9):1423-32. [PubMed:12727934 ]
    11. Dube SN, Nayak BB, Das PK: Effect of foot-electroshock stress on cholinergic activity, tissue glycogen and blood sugar in albino rats. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol. 1978 Jan-Mar;22(1):24-32. [PubMed:567191 ]
    12. Chryssanthopoulos C, Williams C, Nowitz A, Bogdanis G: Skeletal muscle glycogen concentration and metabolic responses following a high glycaemic carbohydrate breakfast. J Sports Sci. 2004 Nov-Dec;22(11-12):1065-71. [PubMed:15801500 ]
    13. Steinberg GR, Watt MJ, McGee SL, Chan S, Hargreaves M, Febbraio MA, Stapleton D, Kemp BE: Reduced glycogen availability is associated with increased AMPKalpha2 activity, nuclear AMPKalpha2 protein abundance, and GLUT4 mRNA expression in contracting human skeletal muscle. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Jun;31(3):302-12. [PubMed:16770359 ]
    14. Hudson ER, Pan DA, James J, Lucocq JM, Hawley SA, Green KA, Baba O, Terashima T, Hardie DG: A novel domain in AMP-activated protein kinase causes glycogen storage bodies similar to those seen in hereditary cardiac arrhythmias. Curr Biol. 2003 May 13;13(10):861-6. [PubMed:12747836 ]
    15. van Loon LJ, Murphy R, Oosterlaar AM, Cameron-Smith D, Hargreaves M, Wagenmakers AJ, Snow R: Creatine supplementation increases glycogen storage but not GLUT-4 expression in human skeletal muscle. Clin Sci (Lond). 2004 Jan;106(1):99-106. [PubMed:14507259 ]
    16. Tomihira M, Kawasaki E, Nakajima H, Imamura Y, Sato Y, Sata M, Kage M, Sugie H, Nunoi K: Intermittent and recurrent hepatomegaly due to glycogen storage in a patient with type 1 diabetes: genetic analysis of the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL). Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2004 Aug;65(2):175-82. [PubMed:15223230 ]
    17. McVie-Wylie AJ, Ding EY, Lawson T, Serra D, Migone FK, Pressley D, Mizutani M, Kikuchi T, Chen YT, Amalfitano A: Multiple muscles in the AMD quail can be "cross-corrected" of pathologic glycogen accumulation after intravenous injection of an [E1-, polymerase-] adenovirus vector encoding human acid-alpha-glucosidase. J Gene Med. 2003 May;5(5):399-406. [PubMed:12731088 ]
    18. Price TB, Laurent D, Petersen KF: 13C/31P NMR studies on the role of glucose transport/phosphorylation in human glycogen supercompensation. Int J Sports Med. 2003 May;24(4):238-44. [PubMed:12784164 ]
    19. Tanis AA, Rietveld T, Wattimena JL, van den Berg JW, Swart GR: The 13CO2 breath test for liver glycogen oxidation after 3-day labeling of the liver with a naturally 13C-enriched diet. Nutrition. 2003 May;19(5):432-7. [PubMed:12714096 ]
    20. Devries MC, Hamadeh MJ, Graham TE, Tarnopolsky MA: 17beta-estradiol supplementation decreases glucose rate of appearance and disappearance with no effect on glycogen utilization during moderate intensity exercise in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Nov;90(11):6218-25. Epub 2005 Aug 23. [PubMed:16118338 ]