Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2009-01-29 12:50:38 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-06-30 02:06:18 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000222 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone |
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Description | 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (also known as NNK) is a potent tobacco-specific nitrosamine derived from nicotine. It plays a key role in human tobacco-related cancers (PMID:24830349 ). NNK is found in cured tobacco and is also produced during its burning or combustion in cigarettes. NNK is abundantly present in cigarette smoke (20-280 ng/cigarette). Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) do not convert nicotine to NNK due to their lower operating temperatures. NNK is a procarcinogen. This means it must be activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP2A6 and CYP2B6) to become a carcinogen (PMID:24830349 ). NNK can also be activated by myeloperoxidase (MPO) and epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1). All activation processes lead to the formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol from NNK, which is called NNAL (PMID:24830349 ). NNAL can be detoxified via glucuronidation via glucuronidases. Once NNK is activated to NNAL, this compound initiates a cascade of signalling pathways (for example ERK1/2, NFκB, PI3K/Akt, MAPK, FasL, K-ras), resulting in uncontrolled cellular proliferation and tumorigenesis. NNK is known as a mutagen and can cause point mutations that affect cell growth proliferation and differentiation. NNK also targets the SULT1A1, TGF-beta, and angiotensin II genes. NNK plays a key role in gene silencing, gene modification, and carcinogenesis. NNK has been implicated in tumour promotion by activating nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and β-adrenergic receptors (β-AdrRs), leading to downstream activation of parallel signal transduction pathways that facilitate tumour progression (PMID:24830349 ). Antioxidants such as EGCG (from green tea) inhibit lung tumorigenesis by NNK. |
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Structure | CN(CCCC(=O)C1=CN=CC=C1)N=O InChI=1S/C10H13N3O2/c1-13(12-15)7-3-5-10(14)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8H,3,5,7H2,1H3 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-(N-Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | ChEBI | NNK | ChEBI | NNK (Carcinogen) | ChEBI | 4-(Methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | 4'-(Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | NNK CPD | HMDB | 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | 4-(Methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | 4-(Methylintrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | 4-(Methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone | HMDB | 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone | ChEBI |
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Chemical Formula | C10H13N3O2 |
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Average Mass | 207.2291 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 207.10078 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 4-[methyl(nitroso)amino]-1-(pyridin-3-yl)butan-1-one |
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Traditional Name | nnk (carcinogen) |
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CAS Registry Number | 64091-91-4 |
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SMILES | CN(CCCC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1)N=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H13N3O2/c1-13(12-15)7-3-5-10(14)9-4-2-6-11-8-9/h2,4,6,8H,3,5,7H2,1H3 |
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InChI Key | FLAQQSHRLBFIEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-10 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. These are ketones have the generic structure RC(=O)R', where R = aryl group and R'=alkyl group. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbonyl compounds |
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Direct Parent | Aryl alkyl ketones |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Aryl alkyl ketone
- Pyridine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Organic n-nitroso compound
- Organic nitroso compound
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 64 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Smith TJ, Guo Z, Guengerich FP, Yang CS: Metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) by human cytochrome P450 1A2 and its inhibition by phenethyl isothiocyanate. Carcinogenesis. 1996 Apr;17(4):809-13. [PubMed:8625495 ]
- Xue J, Yang S, Seng S: Mechanisms of Cancer Induction by Tobacco-Specific NNK and NNN. Cancers (Basel). 2014 May 14;6(2):1138-56. doi: 10.3390/cancers6021138. [PubMed:24830349 ]
- Zhang L, Qu Z, Song A, Yang J, Yu J, Zhang W, Zhuang C: Garlic oil blocks tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis by inducing phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Sep 23;157:112581. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112581. [PubMed:34562529 ]
- Jin SW, Im JS, Park JH, Kim HG, Lee GH, Kim SJ, Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Chung KH, Lee BM, Kacew S, Jeong HG, Kim HS: Effects of tobacco compound 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the expression of epigenetically regulated genes in lung carcinogenesis. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2021 Aug 29:1-16. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2021.1965059. [PubMed:34459362 ]
- Hu SC, Min S, Kang HK, Yang DJ, Lewis SM, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Bryant MS, Sepehr E, Trbojevich R, Pearce MG, Bishop ME, Heflich RH, Maisha MP, Felton R, Chemerynski S, Yee SB, Coraggio M, Rosenfeldt H, Yeager RP, Howard PC, Tang Y: 14-Day Nose-Only Inhalation Toxicity and Haber's Rule Study of NNK in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Toxicol Sci. 2021 Sep 28;183(2):319-337. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab094. [PubMed:34329464 ]
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