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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2021-08-10 02:54:38 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000209
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameUrocanic acid
DescriptionUrocanic acid is a breakdown (deamination) product of histidine. In the liver, urocanic acid is an intermediate in the conversion of histidine to glutamic acid, whereas in the epidermis, it accumulates and may be both a UV protectant and an immunoregulator. Urocanic acid (UA) exists as a trans isomer (t-UA, approximately 30 mg/cm2) in the uppermost layer of the skin (stratum corneum). T-UA is formed as the cells of the second layer of skin become metabolically inactive. During this process, proteins and membranes degrade, histidine is released, and histidase (histidine ammonia lyase) catalyzes the deamination of histidine to form t-UA. T-UA accumulates in the epidermis until removal by either the monthly skin renewal cycle or sweat. Upon absorption of UV light, the naturally occurring t-UA isomerizes to its cis form, c-UA. Because DNA lesions (e.G., Pyrimidine dimers) in the lower epidermis can result from UV-B absorption, initial research proposed that t-UA acted as a natural sunscreen absorbing UV-B in the stratum corneum before the damaging rays could penetrate into lower epidermal zones. Researchers have found that c-UA also suppresses contact hypersensitivity and delayed hypersensitivity, reduces the Langerhans cell count in the epidermis, prolongs skin-graft survival time, and affects natural killer cell activity.
Structure
Data?1628564078
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2E)-3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acidChEBI
(e)-3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acidChEBI
(2E)-3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)acrylateGenerator
(e)-3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoateGenerator
UrocanateGenerator
3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoateHMDB
3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acidHMDB
3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)acrylateHMDB
3-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)acrylic acidHMDB
3-(4-Imidazolyl)acrylateHMDB
3-(4-Imidazolyl)acrylic acidHMDB
5-ImidazoleacrylateHMDB
5-Imidazoleacrylic acidHMDB
Imidazole-4-acrylateHMDB
Imidazole-4-acrylic acidHMDB
Imidazoleacrylic acidHMDB
Acid, glyoxalinylacrylicHMDB
Acid, urocanicHMDB
Glyoxalinylacrylic acidHMDB
(2E)-3-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)-2-propenoic acidHMDB
(e)-3-(4-Imidazolyl)acrylic acidHMDB
(e)-3-(Imidazol-4-yl)-2-propenoic acidHMDB
(e)-Urocanic acidHMDB
trans-Urocanic acidHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H6N2O2
Average Mass138.1240 Da
Monoisotopic Mass138.04293 Da
IUPAC Name(2E)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)prop-2-enoic acid
Traditional Nametrans-urocanic acid
CAS Registry Number104-98-3
SMILES
[H]OC(=O)C(\[H])=C(/[H])C1=C([H])N=C([H])N1[H]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H6N2O2/c9-6(10)2-1-5-3-7-4-8-5/h1-4H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/b2-1+
InChI KeyLOIYMIARKYCTBW-OWOJBTEDSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
Clostridium tetranomorphum-
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Coprinopsis atramentariaLOTUS Database
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Hippospongia communisLOTUS Database
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Vigna radiataFooDB
Species Where Detected
Species NameSourceReference
Saccharomyces cerevisiaeKNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid chain (of at least 2 carbon atoms) linked to an imidazole ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassAzoles
Sub ClassImidazoles
Direct ParentImidazolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point225 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1.5 mg/mL at 17 °CNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility42.5 g/LALOGPS
logP0ALOGPS
logP-1ChemAxon
logS-0.82ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.85ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.13ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area65.98 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity35.57 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.1 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000301
DrugBank IDDB01971
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB007506
KNApSAcK IDC00051902
Chemspider ID643824
KEGG Compound IDC00785
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID35990
Wikipedia LinkUrocanic_acid
METLIN ID298
PubChem Compound736715
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID30817
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Sastry CM, Whitmore SE, Breysse PN, Morison WL, Strickland PT: The effect of clinical UVA/B exposures on urinary urocanic acid isomer levels in individuals with caucasian type (II/III) skin types. Dermatol Online J. 2005 Dec 1;11(3):1. [PubMed:16409897 ]
  2. Hug DH, Hunter JK, Dunkerson DD: The potential role for urocanic acid and sunlight in the immune suppression associated with protein malnutrition. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1998 Jul 10;44(2):117-23. [PubMed:9757593 ]
  3. Snellman E, Jansen CT, Laihia JK, Milan T, Koulu L, Leszczynski K, Pasanen P: Urocanic acid concentration and photoisomerization in Caucasian skin phototypes. Photochem Photobiol. 1997 May;65(5):862-5. [PubMed:9155258 ]
  4. Schwarz W, Langer K, Haag A: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of (Z)-and (E)-urocanic acid in human skin. J Chromatogr. 1984 Sep 14;310(1):188-92. [PubMed:6501514 ]
  5. Hermann K, Abeck D: Determination of histidine and urocanic acid isomers in the human skin by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Nov 10;749(1):41-7. [PubMed:11129077 ]
  6. Kinuta M, Kinuta K, Yamada H, Abe T, Yoshida Y, Araki K, Li SA, Otsuka A, Nakanishi A, Moriyama Y, Takei K: Formation of S-[2-carboxy-1-(1H-imidazol-4-yl) ethyl]glutathione, a new metabolite of L-histidine, from cis-urocanic acid and glutathione by the action of glutathione S-transferase. Electrophoresis. 2003 Sep;24(18):3212-8. [PubMed:14518047 ]
  7. Yokoya S, Tokuhiro E, Suwa S, Maesaka H: Measurement of the skin urocanic acid content in normal and histidinemic infants. Eur J Pediatr. 1983 Sep;140(4):330-2. [PubMed:6628454 ]
  8. Morrison H: Photochemistry and photobiology of urocanic acid. Photodermatol. 1985 Jun;2(3):158-65. [PubMed:3895185 ]