Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2020-11-24 22:13:41 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000208 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | L-Thyronine |
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Description | Iodide is actively absorbed from the bloodstream and concentrated in the thyroid follicles. (If there is a deficiency of dietary iodine, the thyroid enlarges in an attempt to trap more iodine, resulting in goitre.) Via a reaction with the enzyme thyroperoxidase, iodine is covalently bound to tyrosine residues in the thyroglobulin molecules, forming monoiodotyrosine (MIT) and diiodotyrosine (DIT). Linking two moieties of DIT produces thyroxine. Combining one particle of MIT and one particle of DIT produces triiodothyronine. The thyronamines function via some unknown mechanism to inhibit neuronal activity; this plays an important role in the hibernation cycles of mammals. One effect of administering the thyronamines is a severe drop in body temperature. Both T3 and T4 are used to treat thyroid hormone deficiency (hypothyroidism). They are both absorbed well by the gut, so can be given orally. Levothyroxine, the most commonly used synthetic thyroxine form, is a stereoisomer of physiological thyroxine, which is metabolised more slowly and hence usually only needs once-daily administration. Natural desiccated thyroid hormones, which are derived from pig thyroid glands, are a "natural" hypothyroid treatment containing 20% T3 and traces of T2, T1 and calcitonin. A group of metabolites derived from thyroxine and triiodothyronine via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms. |
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Structure | N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C=C1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C15H15NO4/c16-14(15(18)19)9-10-1-5-12(6-2-10)20-13-7-3-11(17)4-8-13/h1-8,14,17H,9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t14-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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4-(4-Hydroxyphenoxy)-L-phenylalanine | ChEBI | O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-L-tyrosine | ChEBI | b-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)phenylalanine | HMDB | beta-(p-Hydroxyphenoxy)phenylalanine | HMDB | Desiodothyroxine | HMDB | O-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)tyrosine | HMDB | Thyronine | HMDB | Thyronines | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C15H15NO4 |
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Average Mass | 273.2839 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 273.10011 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-amino-3-[4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]propanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | thyronine |
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CAS Registry Number | 1596-67-4 |
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SMILES | N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(OC2=CC=C(O)C=C2)C=C1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C15H15NO4/c16-14(15(18)19)9-10-1-5-12(6-2-10)20-13-7-3-11(17)4-8-13/h1-8,14,17H,9,16H2,(H,18,19)/t14-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | KKCIOUWDFWQUBT-AWEZNQCLSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, DMSO, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-08-23 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, DMSO, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-01 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Phenylalanine and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Phenylalanine or derivatives
- Diphenylether
- Diaryl ether
- 3-phenylpropanoic-acid
- Amphetamine or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Phenol ether
- Phenoxy compound
- Aralkylamine
- Phenol
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Amino acid
- Carboxylic acid
- Ether
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Amine
- Organic oxide
- Primary amine
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 255 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Chopra IJ, Wu SY, Teco GN, Santini F: A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine sulfate: studies in thyroidal and nonthyroidal diseases, pregnancy, and neonatal life. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992 Jul;75(1):189-94. [PubMed:1619009 ]
- Malin JP, Kodding R, Fuhrmann H, von zur Muhlen A: T4, T3 and rT3 levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol. 1989 Jan;236(1):57-9. [PubMed:2915230 ]
- Lomo LC, Zhang F, McCormick DJ, Giraldo AA, David CS, Kong YC: Flexibility of the thyroiditogenic T cell repertoire for murine autoimmune thyroiditis in CD8-deficient (beta2m -/-) and T cell receptor Vbeta(c) congenic mice. Autoimmunity. 1998;27(3):127-33. [PubMed:9609129 ]
- LoPresti JS, Anderson KP, Nicoloff JT: Does a hidden pool of reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) production contribute to total thyroxine (T4) disposal in high T4 states in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 May;70(5):1479-84. [PubMed:2335581 ]
- Ramsden DB, Farmer M, Mohammed MN, Willetts P: Mass spectral properties of volatile derivatives of thyronine (T0) and use of these in the study of thyronine excretion in eu-, hyper- and hypothyroidism. Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1984 Apr;11(4):193-8. [PubMed:6733255 ]
- Morell M, Fernandez-Guillien FJ, Lopez-Garcia JM: Levels of L-T3 in maternal and foetal compartments following experimental modifications of the maternal thyroid state in rats. Arch Int Physiol Biochim Biophys. 1994 Jan-Feb;102(1):1-3. [PubMed:7516725 ]
- Kohrle J: The deiodinase family: selenoenzymes regulating thyroid hormone availability and action. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2000 Dec;57(13-14):1853-63. [PubMed:11215512 ]
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