Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2020-11-24 22:13:29 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000182 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Homocarnosine |
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Description | Homocarnosine is a normal human metabolite, the brain-specific dipeptide of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and histidine. (PMID 1266573 ). Increased concentration of CSF homocarnosine has been found in familial spastic paraplegia. (PMID 842287 ). Homocarnosinosis (an inherited disorder, OMIM 236130 ) is characterized by an elevated level of the dipeptide homocarnosine (Hca) in the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the brain and by carnosinuria and serum carnosinase deficiency, and can co-exist with paraplegia, retinitis pigmentosa, and a progressive mental deficiency. (PMID 3736769 ). In glial tumors of human brain the content of homocarnosine has been found to be lower than in brain tissue (PMID 1032224 ), while an increase in content of homocarnosine was observed in brain tissue of animals under experimental trauma of cranium. (PMID 1025883 ). |
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Structure | NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C10H16N4O3/c11-3-1-2-9(15)14-8(10(16)17)4-7-5-12-6-13-7/h5-6,8H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)/t8-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2S)-Homocarnosine | ChEBI | (S)-Homocarnosine | ChEBI | gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-his | ChEBI | N-(4-Aminobutanoyl)-(S)-histidine | ChEBI | N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine | ChEBI | N(alpha)-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine | ChEBI | L-Homocarnosine | Kegg | gamma-Aminobutyryl histidine | Kegg | N-(4-Amino-1-oxobutyryl)histidine | Kegg | g-Aminobutyryl-L-his | Generator | Γ-aminobutyryl-L-his | Generator | N(a)-(4-Aminobutyryl)-L-histidine | Generator | N(Α)-(4-aminobutyryl)-L-histidine | Generator | g-Aminobutyryl histidine | Generator | Γ-aminobutyryl histidine | Generator | gamma-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine | HMDB | Homocarnosine sulfate | HMDB | g-Aminobutyryl-L-histidine | HMDB | g-Aminobutyrylhistidine | HMDB | gamma-Aminobutyrylhistidine | HMDB | N-(4-Aminobutyryl)-histidine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C10H16N4O3 |
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Average Mass | 240.2590 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 240.12224 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | (2S)-2-(4-aminobutanamido)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propanoic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 3650-73-5 |
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SMILES | NCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H16N4O3/c11-3-1-2-9(15)14-8(10(16)17)4-7-5-12-6-13-7/h5-6,8H,1-4,11H2,(H,12,13)(H,14,15)(H,16,17)/t8-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | CCLQKVKJOGVQLU-QMMMGPOBSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hybrid peptides. Hybrid peptides are compounds containing at least two different types of amino acids (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) linked to each other through a peptide bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Peptidomimetics |
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Sub Class | Hybrid peptides |
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Direct Parent | Hybrid peptides |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Hybrid peptide
- Histidine or derivatives
- N-acyl-alpha-amino acid
- N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
- N-acyl-l-alpha-amino acid
- Gamma amino acid or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
- Imidazolyl carboxylic acid derivative
- N-acyl-amine
- Fatty amide
- Fatty acyl
- Azole
- Imidazole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Amino acid
- Amino acid or derivatives
- Secondary carboxylic acid amide
- Carboxamide group
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Amine
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Primary amine
- Organooxygen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | Not Available | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Lenney JF, Peppers SC, Kucera CM, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: lack of serum carnosinase is the defect probably responsible for elevated brain and CSF homocarnosine. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):157-65. [PubMed:6616870 ]
- Petroff OA, Mattson RH, Behar KL, Hyder F, Rothman DL: Vigabatrin increases human brain homocarnosine and improves seizure control. Ann Neurol. 1998 Dec;44(6):948-52. [PubMed:9851440 ]
- Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, Rothman DL: Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology. 1999 Feb;52(3):473-8. [PubMed:10025774 ]
- Rothman DL, Behar KL, Prichard JW, Petroff OA: Homocarnosine and the measurement of neuronal pH in patients with epilepsy. Magn Reson Med. 1997 Dec;38(6):924-9. [PubMed:9402193 ]
- Pearl PL, Novotny EJ, Acosta MT, Jakobs C, Gibson KM: Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency in children and adults. Ann Neurol. 2003;54 Suppl 6:S73-80. [PubMed:12891657 ]
- Tell G, Bohlen P, Schechter PJ, Koch-Weser J, Agid Y, Bonnet AM, Coquillat G, Chazot G, Fischer C: Treatment of Huntington disease with gamma-acetylenic GABA an irreversible inhibitor of GABA-transaminase: increased CSF GABA and homocarnosine without clinical amelioration. Neurology. 1981 Feb;31(2):207-11. [PubMed:6258106 ]
- Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Homocarnosine metabolism in brain tissue]. Vopr Biokhim Mozga. 1976;11:71-7. [PubMed:1032224 ]
- Iurovskii SL, Orlov VI, Pogorelova TN, Drukker NA, Madan M: [Homocarnosine of the amniotic fluid as an indicator of fetal cerebral lesions]. Akush Ginekol (Mosk). 1989 Sep;(9):45-7. [PubMed:2596637 ]
- Menachem EB, Persson LI, Schechter PJ, Haegele KD, Huebert N, Hardenberg J, Dahlgren L, Mumford JP: Effects of single doses of vigabatrin on CSF concentrations of GABA, homocarnosine, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in patients with complex partial epilepsy. Epilepsy Res. 1988 Mar-Apr;2(2):96-101. [PubMed:3143561 ]
- Perry TL, Kish SJ, Sjaastad O, Gjessing LR, Nesbakken R, Schrader H, Loken AC: Homocarnosinosis: increased content of homocarnosine and deficiency of homocarnosinase in brain. J Neurochem. 1979 Jun;32(6):1637-40. [PubMed:448356 ]
- Promyslov MSh, Mirzoian RA: [Study of homocarnosine metabolism in the brain tissue in diseases of the nervous system]. Vopr Med Khim. 1976 Mar-Apr;22(2):209-12. [PubMed:1025883 ]
- Manyam BV, Bhatt MH, Moore WD, Devleschoward AB, Anderson DR, Calne DB: Bilateral striopallidodentate calcinosis: cerebrospinal fluid, imaging, and electrophysiological studies. Ann Neurol. 1992 Apr;31(4):379-84. [PubMed:1586138 ]
- Sjaastad O, Gjessing L, Berstad JR, Gjesdahl P: Homocarnosinosis. 3. Spinal fluid amino acids in familial spastic paraplegia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1977 Feb;55(2):158-62. [PubMed:842287 ]
- Sjaastad O, Berstad J, Gjesdahl P, Gjessing L: Homocarnosinosis. 2. A familial metabolic disorder associated with spastic paraplegia, progressive mental deficiency, and retinal pigmentation. Acta Neurol Scand. 1976 Apr;53(4):275-90. [PubMed:1266573 ]
- Lunde HA, Gjessing LR, Sjaastad O: Homocarnosinosis: influence of dietary restriction of histidine. Neurochem Res. 1986 Jun;11(6):825-38. [PubMed:3736769 ]
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