Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2022-01-19 18:42:57 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000174 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Acetic acid |
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Description | Acetic acid is a two-carbon, straight-chain fatty acid. It is the smallest short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and one of the simplest carboxylic acids. Is an acidic, colourless liquid and is the main component in vinegar. Acetic acid has a sour taste and pungent smell. It is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical that is used in the production of plastic soft drink bottles, photographic film; and polyvinyl acetate for wood glue, as well as many synthetic fibres and fabrics. In households diluted acetic acid is often used as a cleaning agent. In the food industry acetic acid is used as an acidity regulator. Acetic acid is found in all organisms, from bacteria to plants to humans. The acetyl group, derived from acetic acid, is fundamental to the biochemistry of virtually all forms of life. When bound to coenzyme A (to form acetylCoA) it is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. However, the concentration of free acetic acid in cells is kept at a low level to avoid disrupting the control of the pH of the cell contents. Acetic acid is produced and excreted in large amounts by certain acetic acid bacteria, notably the Acetobacter genus and Clostridium acetobutylicum. These bacteria are found universally in foodstuffs, water, and soil. Due to their widespread presence on fruit, acetic acid is produced naturally as fruits and many other sugar-rich foods spoil. Several species of anaerobic bacteria, including members of the genus Clostridium and Acetobacterium can convert sugars to acetic acid directly. However, Clostridium bacteria are less acid-tolerant than Acetobacter. Even the most acid-tolerant Clostridium strains can produce acetic acid in concentrations of only a few per cent, compared to Acetobacter strains that can produce acetic acid in concentrations up to 20%. Acetic acid is also a component of the vaginal lubrication of humans and other primates, where it appears to serve as a mild antibacterial agent. Acetic acid can be found in other biofluids such as urine at low concentrations. Urinary acetic acid is produced by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Citrobacter frundii, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus group B, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (PMID: 22292465 ). Acetic acid concentrations greater than 30 uM/mM creatinine in the urine can indicate a urinary tract infection, which typically suggests the presence of E. Coli or Klebshiella pneumonia in the urinary tract. (PMID: 24909875 ) Acetic acid is also produced by other bacteria such as Akkermansia, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Prevotella and Ruminococcus (PMID: 20444704 ; PMID: 22292465 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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Acide acetique | ChEBI | AcOH | ChEBI | CH3-COOH | ChEBI | CH3CO2H | ChEBI | e 260 | ChEBI | e-260 | ChEBI | e260 | ChEBI | Essigsaeure | ChEBI | Ethanoic acid | ChEBI | Ethoic acid | ChEBI | Ethylic acid | ChEBI | HOAc | ChEBI | INS no. 260 | ChEBI | MeCO2h | ChEBI | MeCOOH | ChEBI | Methanecarboxylic acid | ChEBI | Glacial acetic acid | Kegg | Acetasol | Kegg | Ethanoate | Generator | Ethoate | Generator | Ethylate | Generator | Methanecarboxylate | Generator | Glacial acetate | Generator | Acetate | Generator | Kyselina octova | HMDB | Vinegar | HMDB | Vinegar acid | HMDB | Acid, acetic | HMDB | Acetic acid glacial | HMDB | Acid glacial, acetic | HMDB | Acid, glacial acetic | HMDB | Acetic acid, glacial | HMDB | Glacial, acetic acid | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C2H4O2 |
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Average Mass | 60.0520 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 60.02113 Da |
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IUPAC Name | acetic acid |
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Traditional Name | acetic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 64-19-7 |
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SMILES | CC(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C2H4O2/c1-2(3)4/h1H3,(H,3,4) |
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InChI Key | QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2022-01-19 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-18 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-13 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-13 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-13 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-12 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | V.dorna83 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-10 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2021-07-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700MHz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-11-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O, simulated) | Mb1 | | | 2020-10-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-11 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-08-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | v.dorna83@yahoo.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-26 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-14 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500MHz, H2O, simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-04-08 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700MHz, H2O, simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-11-09 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-21 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700Mz, H2O(Solvent-Peak), simulated) | mb1@ualberta.ca | Not Available | Not Available | 2020-10-15 | View Spectrum |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Carboxylic acids |
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Direct Parent | Carboxylic acids |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Liquid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 16.6 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 1000 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | -0.17 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Muniz-Junqueira MI, Braga Lopes C, Magalhaes CA, Schleicher CC, Veiga JP: Acute and chronic influence of hemodialysis according to the membrane used on phagocytic function of neutrophils and monocytes and pro-inflammatory cytokines production in chronic renal failure patients. Life Sci. 2005 Nov 4;77(25):3141-55. Epub 2005 Jul 11. [PubMed:16005905 ]
- Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, Ebata T, Takagi K, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Nimura Y: Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2006 Nov;244(5):706-14. [PubMed:17060763 ]
- Camoutsis C, Trafalis D, Pairas G, Papageorgiou A: On the formation of 4-[N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl acetic acid esters of hecogenin and aza-homo-hecogenin and their antileukemic activity. Farmaco. 2005 Oct;60(10):826-9. Epub 2005 Aug 31. [PubMed:16139280 ]
- Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed:15627241 ]
- Li M, Pan XL, Wang LL, Feng Y, Huang N, Wu Q, Li X, Wang BY: [Study of antmicrobial mechanisms of human cervical mucus: isolation and characterization of antibacterial polypeptides]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2005 Apr 27;85(16):1109-12. [PubMed:16029568 ]
- Commodari F, Arnold DL, Sanctuary BC, Shoubridge EA: 1H NMR characterization of normal human cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of methylmalonic acid in a vitamin B12 deficient patient. NMR Biomed. 1991 Aug;4(4):192-200. [PubMed:1931558 ]
- Yagi K, Nakamura A, Sekine A: [Magnification endoscopy diagnosis of Barrett's esophagus with methylene blue and acetic acid]. Nihon Rinsho. 2005 Aug;63(8):1411-5. [PubMed:16101231 ]
- Fan DD, Luo Y, Mi Y, Ma XX, Shang L: Characteristics of fed-batch cultures of recombinant Escherichia coli containing human-like collagen cDNA at different specific growth rates. Biotechnol Lett. 2005 Jun;27(12):865-70. [PubMed:16086249 ]
- Syrjanen K, Naud P, Derchain S, Roteli-Martins C, Longatto-Filho A, Tatti S, Branca M, Erzen M, Hammes LS, Matos J, Gontijo R, Sarian L, Braganca J, Arlindo FC, Maeda MY, Lorincz A, Dores GB, Costa S, Syrjanen S: Comparing PAP smear cytology, aided visual inspection, screening colposcopy, cervicography and HPV testing as optional screening tools in Latin America. Study design and baseline data of the LAMS study. Anticancer Res. 2005 Sep-Oct;25(5):3469-80. [PubMed:16101165 ]
- Yri OE, Bjoro T, Fossa SD: Failure to achieve castration levels in patients using leuprolide acetate in locally advanced prostate cancer. Eur Urol. 2006 Jan;49(1):54-8; discussion 58. Epub 2005 Nov 15. [PubMed:16314038 ]
- Lam CW, Law CY, To KK, Cheung SK, Lee KC, Sze KH, Leung KF, Yuen KY: NMR-based metabolomic urinalysis: a rapid screening test for urinary tract infection. Clin Chim Acta. 2014 Sep 25;436:217-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.05.014. Epub 2014 Jun 6. [PubMed:24909875 ]
- Gupta A, Dwivedi M, Mahdi AA, Khetrapal CL, Bhandari M: Broad identification of bacterial type in urinary tract infection using (1)h NMR spectroscopy. J Proteome Res. 2012 Mar 2;11(3):1844-54. doi: 10.1021/pr2010692. Epub 2012 Jan 31. [PubMed:22292465 ]
- Rey FE, Faith JJ, Bain J, Muehlbauer MJ, Stevens RD, Newgard CB, Gordon JI: Dissecting the in vivo metabolic potential of two human gut acetogens. J Biol Chem. 2010 Jul 16;285(29):22082-90. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.117713. Epub 2010 May 5. [PubMed:20444704 ]
- Stenger Moura FC, Cechinel-Filho V, Greco FA, Venzon L, Meurer MC, Franca TCDS, Longo B, Somensi LB, Mariano LNB, Cruz AB, Macchiarulo A, Schoubben A, Ricci M, Belle Bresolin TM, da Silva LM: Taxifolin and gastro-adhesive microparticles containing taxifolin promotes gastric healing in vivo, inhibits Helicobacter pylori in vitro and proton pump reversibly in silico. Chem Biol Interact. 2021 Apr 25;339:109445. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109445. Epub 2021 Mar 16. [PubMed:33741339 ]
- eMedicine [Link]
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