Record Information |
---|
Version | 2.0 |
---|
Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
---|
Updated at | 2021-07-01 14:27:13 UTC |
---|
NP-MRD ID | NP0000171 |
---|
Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
---|
Natural Product Identification |
---|
Common Name | Gluconolactone |
---|
Description | Gluconolactone, also known as glucono-delta-lactone or GDL (gluconate), belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids (PHAs) containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. Gluconolactone is a lactone of D-gluconic acid. Gluconolactone can be produced by enzymatic oxidation of D-glucose via the enzyme glucose oxidase. It is a fundamental metabolite found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. Gluconolactone has metal chelating, moisturizing and antioxidant activities. Its ability in free radicals scavenging accounts for its antioxidant properties. Gluconolactone, is also used as a food additive with the E-number E575. In foods it is used as a sequestrant, an acidifier or a curing, pickling, or leavening agent. Gluconolactone is also used as a coagulant in tofu processing. Gluconolactone is widely used as a skin exfoliant in cosmetic products, where it is noted for its mild exfoliating and hydrating properties. Pure gluconolactone is a white odorless crystalline powder. It is pH-neutral, but hydrolyses in water to gluconic acid which is acidic, adding a tangy taste to foods. Gluconic acid has roughly a third of the sourness of citric acid. One gram of gluconolactone yields roughly the same amount of metabolic energy as one gram of sugar. |
---|
Structure | OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1 |
---|
Synonyms | Value | Source |
---|
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one | ChEBI | 1,5-D-Gluconolactone | ChEBI | 1,5-Gluconolactone | ChEBI | D-Aldonolactone | ChEBI | D-Gluconic acid delta-lactone | ChEBI | D-Gluconic acid lactone | ChEBI | D-Gluconolactone | ChEBI | D-Threo-aldono-1,5-lactone | ChEBI | delta-D-Gluconolactone | ChEBI | delta-Gluconolactone | ChEBI | Glucarolactone | ChEBI | Gluconic acid lactone | ChEBI | Gluconic delta-lactone | ChEBI | Gluconic lactone | ChEBI | D-Gluconate delta-lactone | Generator | D-Gluconate δ-lactone | Generator | D-Gluconic acid δ-lactone | Generator | D-Gluconate lactone | Generator | Δ-D-gluconolactone | Generator | Δ-gluconolactone | Generator | Gluconate lactone | Generator | Gluconic δ-lactone | Generator | 1,5-delta-Gluconolactone | HMDB | 3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydro-pyran-2-one | HMDB | D-(+)-Gluconic acid D-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Gluconic acid-delta lactone | HMDB | D-delta-Gluconolactone | HMDB | D-Gluconic acid 1,5-lactone | HMDB | D-Gluconic acid D-lactone | HMDB | D-Gluconic acid-1,5-lactone | HMDB | D-Gluconic acid-delta-lactone | HMDB | D-Gluconic delta-lactone | HMDB | D-Glucono-1,5-lactone | HMDB | D-Glucono-D-lactone | HMDB | delta-(+)-Gluconic acid D-lactone | HMDB | delta-Aldonolactone | HMDB | delta-Gluconic acid 1,5-lactone | HMDB | delta-Gluconic acid D-lactone | HMDB | delta-Gluconic acid lactone | HMDB | delta-Gluconic acid-1,5-lactone | HMDB | delta-Glucono-1,5-lactone | HMDB | Fujiglucon | HMDB | Gluconate, lactone | HMDB | Glucono 1,5-lactone | HMDB | Glucono delta lactone | HMDB | Glucono delta-lactone | HMDB | GDL (Gluconate) | HMDB | Glucono-delta-lactone | HMDB | (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one | HMDB | D-(+)-Gluconic acid delta-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Gluconic acid δ-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Glucono-1,5-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Glucono-delta-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Glucono-δ-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Glucose delta-lactone | HMDB | D-(+)-Glucose δ-lactone | HMDB | D-Glucono-delta-lactone | HMDB | D-Glucono-δ-lactone | HMDB | Glucono-δ-lactone | HMDB | Lysactone | HMDB | Gluconolactone | HMDB |
|
---|
Chemical Formula | C6H10O6 |
---|
Average Mass | 178.1400 Da |
---|
Monoisotopic Mass | 178.04774 Da |
---|
IUPAC Name | (3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-one |
---|
Traditional Name | gluconolactone |
---|
CAS Registry Number | 90-80-2 |
---|
SMILES | OC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O |
---|
InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C6H10O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1 |
---|
InChI Key | PHOQVHQSTUBQQK-SQOUGZDYSA-N |
---|
Experimental Spectra |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
---|
|
| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
---|
|
| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
---|
1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-26 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
---|
Species of Origin | |
---|
Chemical Taxonomy |
---|
Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluconolactones. These are polyhydroxy acids containing a gluconolactone molecule, which is characterized by a tetrahydropyran substituted by three hydroxyl groups, one ketone group, and one hydroxymethyl group. |
---|
Kingdom | Organic compounds |
---|
Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
---|
Class | Organooxygen compounds |
---|
Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
---|
Direct Parent | Gluconolactones |
---|
Alternative Parents | |
---|
Substituents | - Gluconolactone
- Delta valerolactone
- Delta_valerolactone
- Oxane
- Carboxylic acid ester
- Lactone
- Secondary alcohol
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Oxacycle
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Polyol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Alcohol
- Primary alcohol
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
|
---|
Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
---|
External Descriptors | |
---|
Physical Properties |
---|
State | Solid |
---|
Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
---|
Melting Point | 151 - 155 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 590 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
|
---|
Predicted Properties | |
---|
General References | - Rakotomanga S, Baillet A, Pellerin F, Baylocq-Ferrier D: Simultaneous determination of gluconolactone, galactonolactone and galactitol in urine by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: application to galactosemia. J Chromatogr. 1991 Oct 4;570(2):277-84. [PubMed:1797843 ]
- Harkness RA, Purkiss P, Duffy S, Chalmers RA, Jones M: The effects of fetal energy depletion on amniotic fluid concentrations of amino acids, organic acids and related metabolites. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1988;11(1):103-13. [PubMed:3128683 ]
- Hunt MJ, Barnetson RS: A comparative study of gluconolactone versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne. Australas J Dermatol. 1992;33(3):131-4. [PubMed:1303072 ]
- Steinberg KK, Needham LL: A comparison of two methods for quantifying D-glucaric acid. J Anal Toxicol. 1986 Jul-Aug;10(4):139-41. [PubMed:3747452 ]
- Friedrich T, Strohdeicher M, Hofhaus G, Preis D, Sahm H, Weiss H: The same domain motif for ubiquinone reduction in mitochondrial or chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase and bacterial glucose dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jun 4;265(1-2):37-40. [PubMed:2142103 ]
- Puri RN, Zhou FX, Colman RF, Colman RW: Plasmin-induced platelet aggregation is accompanied by cleavage of aggregin and indirectly mediated by calpain. Am J Physiol. 1990 Dec;259(6 Pt 1):C862-8. [PubMed:2148055 ]
- van Weely S, Brandsma M, Strijland A, Tager JM, Aerts JM: Demonstration of the existence of a second, non-lysosomal glucocerebrosidase that is not deficient in Gaucher disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Mar 24;1181(1):55-62. [PubMed:8457606 ]
- MacNeil ML, Steinberg KK, Yeager PR, Smith SJ: A semiautomated procedure for urinary D-glucaric acid using a centrifugal analyzer. J Anal Toxicol. 1986 Jan-Feb;10(1):15-7. [PubMed:3951202 ]
|
---|