Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-10-07 20:39:44 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000120 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | L-Cysteine |
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Description | Cysteine (Cys), also known as L-cysteine is an alpha-amino acid. These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon). Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (–NH2) and carboxyl (–COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid. L-alanine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.E., The amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Cysteine is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals. It is classified as an aliphatic, non-polar, sulfur-containing amino acid. Cysteine is an important source of sulfur in human metabolism, and although it is classified as a non-essential amino acid, cysteine may be essential for infants, the elderly, and individuals with certain metabolic disease or who suffer from malabsorption syndromes. Cysteine can occasionally be considered as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid. Cysteine is unique amongst the twenty natural amino acids as it contains a thiol group. Thiol groups can undergo oxidation/reduction (redox) reactions; when cysteine is oxidized it can form cystine, which is two cysteine residues joined by a disulfide bond. This reaction is reversible since the reduction of this disulphide bond regenerates two cysteine molecules. The disulphide bonds of cystine are crucial to defining the structures of many proteins. Cysteine is often involved in electron-transfer reactions, and help the enzyme catalyze its reaction. Cysteine is also part of the antioxidant glutathione. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a form of cysteine where an acetyl group is attached to cysteine's nitrogen atom and is sold as a dietary supplement. Cysteine is named after cystine, which comes from the Greek word kustis meaning bladder (cystine was first isolated from kidney stones). Oxidation of cysteine can produce a disulfide bond with another thiol and further oxidation can produce sulphfinic or sulfonic acids. The cysteine thiol group is also a nucleophile and can undergo addition and substitution reactions. Thiol groups become much more reactive when they are ionized, and cysteine residues in proteins have pKa values close to neutrality, so they are often in their reactive thiolate form in the cell. The thiol group also has a high affinity for heavy metals and proteins containing cysteine will bind metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium tightly. Due to this ability to undergo redox reactions, cysteine has antioxidant properties. Cysteine is important in energy metabolism. As cystine, it is a structural component of many tissues and hormones. Cysteine has clinical uses ranging from treating baldness to psoriasis to preventing smoker's hack. In some cases, oral cysteine therapy has proved excellent for treatment of asthmatics, enabling them to stop theophylline and other medications. Cysteine also enhances the effect of topically applied silver, tin, and zinc salts in preventing dental cavities. In the future, cysteine may play a role in the treatment of cobalt toxicity, diabetes, psychosis, cancer, and seizures (http://Www.Dcnutrition.Com/AminoAcids/). Cysteine has been identified as a uremic toxin according to the European Uremic Toxin Working Group (PMID: 22626821 ). |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | ChEBI | (2R)-2-Amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid | ChEBI | (R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | ChEBI | C | ChEBI | Cys | ChEBI | CYSTEINE | ChEBI | e 920 | ChEBI | e-920 | ChEBI | e920 | ChEBI | FREE cysteine | ChEBI | L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid | ChEBI | L-Cystein | ChEBI | L-Zystein | ChEBI | Ecolan | Kegg | (2R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoate | Generator | (2R)-2-Amino-3-sulfanylpropanoate | Generator | (2R)-2-Amino-3-sulphanylpropanoate | Generator | (2R)-2-Amino-3-sulphanylpropanoic acid | Generator | (R)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoate | Generator | L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionate | Generator | (+)-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid | HMDB | (R)-(+)-Cysteine | HMDB | (R)-2-Amino-3-mercapto-propanoate | HMDB | (R)-2-Amino-3-mercapto-propanoic acid | HMDB | (R)-Cysteine | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoate | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionate | HMDB | 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid | HMDB | 3-Mercapto-L-alanine | HMDB | Acetylcysteine | HMDB | alpha-Amino-beta-thiolpropionic acid | HMDB | b-Mercaptoalanine | HMDB | beta-Mercaptoalanine | HMDB | Carbocysteine | HMDB | Cisteina | HMDB | Cisteinum | HMDB | Cystein | HMDB | Cysteinum | HMDB | Half-cystine | HMDB | L Cysteine | HMDB | L-(+)-Cysteine | HMDB | L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoate | HMDB | L-2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid | HMDB | Polycysteine | HMDB | Thioserine | HMDB | Cysteine hydrochloride | HMDB | Zinc cysteinate | HMDB | Half cystine | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C3H7NO2S |
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Average Mass | 121.1580 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 121.01975 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid |
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Traditional Name | L-cysteine |
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CAS Registry Number | 52-90-4 |
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SMILES | N[C@@H](CS)C(O)=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C3H7NO2S/c4-2(1-7)3(5)6/h2,7H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1 |
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InChI Key | XUJNEKJLAYXESH-REOHCLBHSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | v.dorna83@yahoo.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-25 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cysteine and derivatives. Cysteine and derivatives are compounds containing cysteine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of cysteine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic acids and derivatives |
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Class | Carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Amino acids, peptides, and analogues |
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Direct Parent | Cysteine and derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Cysteine or derivatives
- Alpha-amino acid
- L-alpha-amino acid
- Amino acid
- Alkylthiol
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Organic oxygen compound
- Primary amine
- Organosulfur compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Primary aliphatic amine
- Carbonyl group
- Amine
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 220 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 277 mg/mL at 25 °C | Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry (Handbuch der Organischen Chemie), 4th Edition | LogP | -2.49 | Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995). |
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Predicted Properties | |
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