Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-16 18:04:09 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000098 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid |
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Description | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid, also known as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetate or 5-HIAA, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indole-3-acetic acid derivatives. Indole-3-acetic acid derivatives are compounds containing an acetic acid (or a derivative) linked to the C3 carbon atom of an indole. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine and it also participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid can be biosynthesized from 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde; which is catalyzed by the mitochondrial enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. In addition, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and S-adenosylmethionine can be converted into 5-methoxyindoleacetate and S-adenosylhomocysteine through its interaction with the enzyme acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid is also involved in the metabolism of tryptophan. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid has been found to be associated with several human diseases such as brunner syndrome, friedreich's ataxia, schizophrenia, and olivopontocerebral atrophy; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Elevated levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in urine (>20 uM) are indicative of appendicitis and gastroenteritis (PMID: 11462886 ). Serotonin and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors (NCI). 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid has also been found to be a product of human gut microbiota. |
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Structure | OC(=O)CC1=CNC2=C1C=C(O)C=C2 InChI=1S/C10H9NO3/c12-7-1-2-9-8(4-7)6(5-11-9)3-10(13)14/h1-2,4-5,11-12H,3H2,(H,13,14) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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5-HIAA | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid | ChEBI | 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetate | Generator | 5-Hydroxyindol-3-ylacetate | Generator | 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetate | Generator | 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate | Generator | Acid, 5-hydroxyindolamine acetic | HMDB | Acid, hydroxyindoleacetic | HMDB | 5 Hydroxy 3 indoleacetic acid | HMDB | 5-Hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid | HMDB | Acetic acid, 5-hydroxyindolamine | HMDB | 5 Hydroxyindolamine acetic acid | HMDB | 5-Hydroxyindolamine acetic acid | HMDB | Acid, 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic | HMDB | Hydroxyindoleacetic acid | HMDB | 5-Hydroxy-3-indolylacetate | HMDB | 5-Hydroxy-iaa | HMDB | 5-Hydroxy-indole-3-acetate | HMDB | 5-Hydroxy-indole-3-acetic acid | HMDB | 5-Hydroxyheteroauxin | HMDB | 5-Hydroxyindole acetate | HMDB | 5-Oxyindoleacetate | HMDB | 5-Oxyindoleacetic acid | HMDB | 5HIAA | HMDB | Hydroxyindoleacetate | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C10H9NO3 |
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Average Mass | 191.1834 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 191.05824 Da |
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IUPAC Name | 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid |
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Traditional Name | hydroxyindoleacetic acid |
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CAS Registry Number | 54-16-0 |
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SMILES | OC(=O)CC1=CNC2=CC=C(O)C=C12 |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H9NO3/c12-7-1-2-9-8(4-7)6(5-11-9)3-10(13)14/h1-2,4-5,11-12H,3H2,(H,13,14) |
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InChI Key | DUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Not Available | Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as indole-3-acetic acid derivatives. Indole-3-acetic acid derivatives are compounds containing an acetic acid (or a derivative) linked to the C3 carbon atom of an indole. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Indoles and derivatives |
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Sub Class | Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives |
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Direct Parent | Indole-3-acetic acid derivatives |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Indole-3-acetic acid derivative
- 3-alkylindole
- Hydroxyindole
- Indole
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Substituted pyrrole
- Benzenoid
- Pyrrole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carboxylic acid
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Azacycle
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | Property | Value | Reference |
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Melting Point | 161 - 163 °C | Not Available | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | Water Solubility | 24 mg/mL | Not Available | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Carpenter LL, Anderson GM, Siniscalchi JM, Chappell PB, Price LH: Acute changes in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA following oral paroxetine challenge in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):339-47. [PubMed:12589387 ]
- Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB: Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter. Clin Chem. 1994 Feb;40(2):288-95. [PubMed:7508830 ]
- Ilkhanizadeh B, Owji AA, Tavangar SM, Vasei M, Tabei SM: Spot urine 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid and acute appendicitis. Hepatogastroenterology. 2001 May-Jun;48(39):609-13. [PubMed:11462886 ]
- Rotondo A, Schuebel K, Bergen A, Aragon R, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M, Goldman D, Nielsen D: Identification of four variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter and association to behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;4(4):360-8. [PubMed:10483053 ]
- Walendzik H, Zimmer G, Skopp G: [Serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid and cholesterol content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain areas for differentiation of suicidal from non-suicidal cause of death]. Arch Kriminol. 2000 May-Jun;205(5-6):131-44. [PubMed:10923167 ]
- Yamamoto M: Depression in Parkinson's disease: its prevalence, diagnosis, and neurochemical background. J Neurol. 2001 Sep;248 Suppl 3:III5-11. [PubMed:11697689 ]
- Mann JJ, McBride PA, Brown RP, Linnoila M, Leon AC, DeMeo M, Mieczkowski T, Myers JE, Stanley M: Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexes in depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Jun;49(6):442-6. [PubMed:1376106 ]
- Christofides J, Bridel M, Egerton M, Mackay GM, Forrest CM, Stoy N, Darlington LG, Stone TW: Blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and melatonin levels in patients with either Huntington's disease or chronic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2006 May;97(4):1078-88. Epub 2006 Mar 29. [PubMed:16573644 ]
- Celada P, Sarrias MJ, Artigas F: Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in plasma. Potential use as peripheral measures of MAO-A activity. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1990;32:149-54. [PubMed:1708403 ]
- Borg S, Kvande H, Liljeberg P, Mossberg D, Valverius P: 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid in alcoholic patients under different clinical conditions. Alcohol. 1985 May-Jun;2(3):415-8. [PubMed:2411275 ]
- Feldman JM: Urinary serotonin in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors. Clin Chem. 1986 May;32(5):840-4. [PubMed:2421946 ]
- Korpi ER, Kleinman JE, Goodman SI, Phillips I, DeLisi LE, Linnoila M, Wyatt RJ: Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in brains of suicide victims. Comparison in chronic schizophrenic patients with suicide as cause of death. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Jun;43(6):594-600. [PubMed:2423050 ]
- Fukuda H, Nakamura S, Hara K, Udaka F, Kameyama M: [Study on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases]. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1989 Sep;29(9):1192-4. [PubMed:2480863 ]
- Meltzer H: Serotonergic dysfunction in depression. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1989 Dec;(8):25-31. [PubMed:2692637 ]
- Csernansky JG, Sheline YI: Abnormalities of serotonin metabolism and nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;5(4):275-81. [PubMed:8312985 ]
- Li JM, Kong LD, Wang YM, Cheng CH, Zhang WY, Tan WZ: Behavioral and biochemical studies on chronic mild stress models in rats treated with a Chinese traditional prescription Banxia-houpu decoction. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 21;74(1):55-73. [PubMed:14575813 ]
- Castejon AM, Paez X, Hernandez L, Cubeddu LX: Use of intravenous microdialysis to monitor changes in serotonin release and metabolism induced by cisplatin in cancer patients: comparative effects of granisetron and ondansetron. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Dec;291(3):960-6. [PubMed:10565811 ]
- Lambert GW, Kaye DM, Cox HS, Vaz M, Turner AG, Jennings GL, Esler MD: Regional 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid production in humans. Life Sci. 1995;57(3):255-67. [PubMed:7541101 ]
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