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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2021-08-15 04:56:44 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000092
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameGlyoxylic acid
DescriptionGlyoxylic acid or oxoacetic acid is an organic compound that is both an aldehyde and a carboxylic acid. Glyoxylic acid is a liquid with a melting point of -93°C and a boiling point of 111°C. It is an intermediate of the glyoxylate cycle, which enables certain organisms to convert fatty acids into carbohydrates. The conjugate base of glyoxylic acid is known as glyoxylate (PMID: 16396466 ). In humans, glyoxylate is produced via two pathways: (1) Through the oxidation of glycolate in peroxisomes and (2) through the catabolism of hydroxyproline in mitochondria. In the peroxisomes, glyoxylate is converted into glycine by glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1) or into oxalate by glycolate oxidase. In the mitochondria, glyoxylate is converted into glycine by mitochondrial glyoxylate aminotransferase AGT2 or into glycolate by glycolate reductase. A small amount of glyoxylate is converted into oxalate by cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Glyoxylic acid is found to be associated with primary hyperoxaluria I, which is an inborn error of metabolism. Under certain circumstances, glyoxylate can be a nephrotoxin and a metabotoxin. A nephrotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the kidney and kidney tissues. A metabotoxin is an endogenously produced metabolite that causes adverse health effects at chronically high levels. High levels of glyoxylate are involved in the development of hyperoxaluria, a key cause of nephrolithiasis (commonly known as kidney stones). Glyoxylate is both a substrate and inductor of sulfate anion transporter-1 (SAT-1), a gene responsible for oxalate transportation, allowing it to increase SAT-1 mRNA expression, and as a result oxalate efflux from the cell. The increased oxalate release allows the buildup of calcium oxalate in the urine, and thus the eventual formation of kidney stones. As an aldehyde, glyoxylate is also highly reactive and will modify proteins to form advanced glycation products (AGEs).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
Chemical FormulaC2H2O3
Average Mass74.0355 Da
Monoisotopic Mass74.00039 Da
IUPAC Name2-oxoacetic acid
Traditional Nameglyoxylic acid
CAS Registry Number298-12-4
SMILES
OC(=O)C=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C2H2O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h1H,(H,4,5)
InChI KeyHHLFWLYXYJOTON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as carboxylic acids. Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a carboxylic acid group with the formula -C(=O)OH.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassCarboxylic acids
Direct ParentCarboxylic acids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Short-chain aldehyde
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aldehyde
  • Aliphatic acyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic acyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point-93 °Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid
Boiling Point111 °Chttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility224 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.59ALOGPS
logP-0.13ChemAxon
logS0.48ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)2.61ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-9.2ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity13.5 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability5.35 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000119
DrugBank IDDB04343
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB007244
KNApSAcK IDC00001186
Chemspider ID740
KEGG Compound IDC00048
BioCyc IDGLYOX
BiGG ID33659
Wikipedia LinkGlyoxylic_acid
METLIN ID3213
PubChem Compound760
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16891
Good Scents IDrw1248671
References
General References