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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Updated at2021-08-19 20:22:30 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0000033
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameCytarabine
DescriptionCytarabine, or cytosine arabinoside, a pyrimidine nucleoside analog, is found in mushrooms. Cytarabine is isolated from the mushroom Xerocomus nigromaculatus of unknown palatability. Cytarabine is an antineoplastic anti-metabolite used in the treatment of several forms of leukemia including acute myelogenous leukemia and meningeal leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle to stop normal cell development and division. Cytarabine is metabolized intracellularly into its active triphosphate form (cytosine arabinoside triphosphate). This metabolite then damages DNA by multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of alpha-DNA polymerase, inhibition of DNA repair through an effect on beta-DNA polymerase, and incorporation into DNA. The latter mechanism is probably the most important. Cytotoxicity is highly specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. Cytarabine is a chemotherapy agent used mainly in the treatment of hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. It is also known as ara C. Cytosine arabinoside is an antimetabolic agent with the chemical name of 1 -arabinofuranosylcytosine. Its mode of action is due to its rapid conversion into cytosine arabinoside triphosphate, which damages DNA when the cell cycle holds in the S phase (synthesis of DNA). Rapidly dividing cells, which require DNA replication for mitosis, are therefore most affected. Cytosine arabinoside also inhibits both DNA and RNA polymerases and nucleotide reductase enzymes needed for DNA synthesis
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-beta-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineChEBI
4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneChEBI
Ara-CChEBI
ArabinocytosineChEBI
Arabinoside CChEBI
CitarabinaChEBI
CytarabinumChEBI
Cytosine arabinosideChEBI
Cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosideChEBI
Cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranosideChEBI
DepocytKegg
1-b-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineGenerator
1-Β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosineGenerator
4-Amino-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneGenerator
4-Amino-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyrimidinoneGenerator
Cytosine-1-b-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-1-β-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-b-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
Cytosine-β-D-arabinofuranosideGenerator
(beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl)cytosineHMDB
1-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta -D-ArabinofaranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta -D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinoneHMDB
1-beta -D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-ArabinofaranosylcytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-4-amino-2(1H)pyrimidinoneHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosyl-cytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine, cytosine arabinosideHMDB
1-beta-D-Arabinosyl-cytosineHMDB
1-beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
1beta -ArabinofuranasylcytosineHMDB
1beta -D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1beta -D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
1beta-ArabinofuranasylcytosineHMDB
1beta-D-ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
1beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
2(1H)-Pyrimidinone, 4-amino-1- -D-arabinofuranosylHMDB
4-Amino-1-arabinofuranosyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidinHMDB
4-Amino-1-arabinofuranosyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidineHMDB
4-Amino-1-b-D-arabinofuranosyl-2-(1H)-pyrimidinoneHMDB
4-Amino-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylpyrimidin-2(1H)-oneHMDB
AlexanHMDB
ArabinocytidineHMDB
ArabinofuranosylcytosineHMDB
ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
ArabitinHMDB
AraCHMDB
AracytidineHMDB
AracytinHMDB
AracytineHMDB
ArafcytHMDB
beta -ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta -Cytosine arabinosideHMDB
beta -D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta-Ara cHMDB
beta-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
beta-Cytosine arabinosideHMDB
beta-D-ArabinosylcytosineHMDB
CytarabinHMDB
CytarabinaHMDB
Cytarabine liposome injectionHMDB
CytarabinosideHMDB
CytonalHMDB
CytosarHMDB
Cytosar-uHMDB
Cytosine 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine arabinoseHMDB
Cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine beta-D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine, beta -D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine, beta-D-arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine-1-beta-D-arabinofuranoside hydrochlorideHMDB
Cytosine-beta -arabinosideHMDB
Cytosine-beta -D-arabinofuranosideHMDB
Cytosine-beta-arabinosideHMDB
CytosinearabinosideHMDB
DepocyteHMDB
ErpalfaHMDB
IretinHMDB
SpongocytidineHMDB
TarabineHMDB
UdicilHMDB
Arabinoside, cytosineHMDB
CytosarUHMDB
Hydrochloride, cytarabineHMDB
Cytarabine hydrochlorideHMDB
Cytosar uHMDB
Ara CHMDB
beta Ara CHMDB
CytarabineMeSH
Chemical FormulaC9H13N3O5
Average Mass243.2166 Da
Monoisotopic Mass243.08552 Da
IUPAC Name4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1,2-dihydropyrimidin-2-one
Traditional Namecytarabine
CAS Registry Number147-94-4
SMILES
NC1=NC(=O)N(C=C1)[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C9H13N3O5/c10-5-1-2-12(9(16)11-5)8-7(15)6(14)4(3-13)17-8/h1-2,4,6-8,13-15H,3H2,(H2,10,11,16)/t4-,6-,7+,8-/m1/s1
InChI KeyUHDGCWIWMRVCDJ-CCXZUQQUSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Xerocomus-
Xerocomus nigromaculatus-
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidine nucleosides. Pyrimidine nucleosides are compounds comprising a pyrimidine base attached to a ribosyl or deoxyribosyl moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassNucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues
ClassPyrimidine nucleosides
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentPyrimidine nucleosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pyrimidine nucleoside
  • Glycosyl compound
  • N-glycosyl compound
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Hydropyrimidine
  • Monosaccharide
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Alcohol
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point212 - 213 °CNot Available
Boiling Point545.68 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility43.8 g/LNot Available
LogP-2.8Not Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility43.8 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.2ALOGPS
logP-2.8ChemAxon
logS-0.74ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.55ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.062ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area128.61 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity54.54 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability22.53 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0015122
DrugBank IDDB00987
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB001216
KNApSAcK IDC00054108
Chemspider ID6017
KEGG Compound IDC02961
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCytarabine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6253
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID28680
Good Scents IDrw1380091
References
General References
  1. Zaky DA, Betts RF, Douglas RG Jr, Bengali K, Neil GL: Varicella-zoster virus and subcutaneous cytarabine: correlation of in vitro sensitivities to blood levels. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1975 Mar;7(3):229-32. [PubMed:166610 ]
  2. Relling MV, Mulhern RK, Fairclough D, Baker D, Pui CH: Chlorpromazine with and without lorazepam as antiemetic therapy in children receiving uniform chemotherapy. J Pediatr. 1993 Nov;123(5):811-6. [PubMed:8229497 ]
  3. Mallick KS, Hajek AS, Parrish RK 2nd: Fluorouracil (5-FU) and cytarabine (ara-C) inhibition of corneal epithelial cell and conjunctival fibroblast proliferation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985 Sep;103(9):1398-402. [PubMed:4038134 ]
  4. Bursztyn J, Boccara JF, Paillassou B, Bavoux F: [Corneal toxicity of cytarabine. Apropos of a case]. Ophtalmologie. 1989 Jun-Aug;3(3):229-30. [PubMed:2641118 ]
  5. Ohta T, Hori H, Ogawa M, Miyahara M, Kawasaki H, Taniguchi N, Komada Y: Impact of cytidine deaminase activity on intrinsic resistance to cytarabine in carcinoma cells. Oncol Rep. 2004 Nov;12(5):1115-20. [PubMed:15492802 ]
  6. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .