Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2021-08-19 20:22:28 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000014 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Trehalose |
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Description | Trehalose, also known as mycose, is a 1-alpha (disaccharide) sugar found extensively but not abundantly in nature. It is thought to be implicated in anhydrobiosis - the ability of plants and animals to withstand prolonged periods of desiccation. The sugar is thought to form a gel phase as cells dehydrate, which prevents disruption of internal cell organelles by effectively splinting them in position. Rehydration then allows normal cellular activity to be resumed without the major, generally lethal damage that would normally follow a dehydration/reyhdration cycle. Trehalose is a non-reducing sugar formed from two glucose units joined by a 1-1 alpha bond giving it the name of alpha-D-glucopyranoglucopyranosyl-1,1-alpha-D-glucopyranoside. The bonding makes trehalose very resistant to acid hydrolysis, and therefore stable in solution at high temperatures even under acidic conditions. The bonding also keeps non-reducing sugars in closed-ring form, such that the aldehyde or ketone end-groups do not bind to the lysine or arginine residues of proteins (a process called glycation). The enzyme trehalase, present but not abundant in most people, breaks it into two glucose molecules, which can then be readily absorbed in the gut. Trehalose is an important components of insects circulating fluid. It acts as a storage form of insect circulating fluid and it is important in respiration. Trehalose has also been found to be a metabolite of Burkholderia, Escherichia and Propionibacterium (PMID: 12105274 ; PMID: 25479689 ) (Krishikosh.Egranth.Ac.In/bitstream/1/84382/1/88571%20P-1257.Pdf). |
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Structure | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1 |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(GLC)2 | ChEBI | alpha,Alpha'-trehalose | ChEBI | alpha-D-GLCP-(11)-alpha-D-GLCP | ChEBI | alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside | ChEBI | alpha-D-Trehalose | ChEBI | alpha-Trehalose | ChEBI | D-(+)-Trehalose | ChEBI | Ergot sugar | ChEBI | Mycose | ChEBI | a,Alpha'-trehalose | Generator | Α,alpha'-trehalose | Generator | a-D-GLCP-(11)-a-D-GLCP | Generator | Α-D-GLCP-(11)-α-D-GLCP | Generator | a-D-Glucopyranosyl-a-D-glucopyranoside | Generator | Α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside | Generator | a-D-Trehalose | Generator | Α-D-trehalose | Generator | a-Trehalose | Generator | Α-trehalose | Generator | alpha,alpha-Trehalose | HMDB | D-Trehalose-anhydrous | HMDB | delta-Trehalose-anhydrous | HMDB | D-Trehalose | HMDB | Natural trehalose | HMDB | O-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1→1)-D-glucopyranoside | HMDB | alpha,Alpha'-D-trehalose | HMDB | alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside | HMDB | Α,α'-D-trehalose | HMDB | Α,α-trehalose | HMDB | Α,α’-D-trehalose | HMDB | Α-D-glucopyranosyl α-D-glucopyranoside | HMDB | Trehalose | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C12H22O11 |
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Average Mass | 342.2965 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 342.11621 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxane-3,4,5-triol |
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Traditional Name | α,α'-trehalose |
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CAS Registry Number | 99-20-7 |
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SMILES | OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(15)7(17)9(19)11(21-3)23-12-10(20)8(18)6(16)4(2-14)22-12/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-,7+,8+,9-,10-,11-,12-/m1/s1 |
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InChI Key | HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor ID | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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| Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-19 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a O-glycosidic bond. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organic oxygen compounds |
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Class | Organooxygen compounds |
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Sub Class | Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates |
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Direct Parent | O-glycosyl compounds |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - O-glycosyl compound
- Disaccharide
- Oxane
- Secondary alcohol
- Oxacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Polyol
- Acetal
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Potier M, Dallaire L, Melancon SB: Occurrence and properties of fetal intestinal glycosidases (disaccharidases) in human amniotic fluid. Biol Neonate. 1975;27(3-4):141-52. [PubMed:241430 ]
- Citron DM, Baron EJ, Finegold SM, Goldstein EJ: Short prereduced anaerobically sterilized (PRAS) biochemical scheme for identification of clinical isolates of bile-resistant Bacteroides species. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Oct;28(10):2220-3. [PubMed:2229345 ]
- Yoshioka S, Aso Y: A quantitative assessment of the significance of molecular mobility as a determinant for the stability of lyophilized insulin formulations. Pharm Res. 2005 Aug;22(8):1358-64. Epub 2005 Aug 3. [PubMed:16078146 ]
- Guo N, Puhlev I, Brown DR, Mansbridge J, Levine F: Trehalose expression confers desiccation tolerance on human cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2000 Feb;18(2):168-71. [PubMed:10657122 ]
- Nie Y, de Pablo JJ, Palecek SP: Platelet cryopreservation using a trehalose and phosphate formulation. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2005 Oct 5;92(1):79-90. [PubMed:15937943 ]
- Fujita Y, Naka T, Doi T, Yano I: Direct molecular mass determination of trehalose monomycolate from 11 species of mycobacteria by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Microbiology. 2005 May;151(Pt 5):1443-52. [PubMed:15870454 ]
- Lu FQ, Liu JH, Ouyang XL, Li XJ, Zhou J, Zhuang Y: [Process of human platelets loaded with rehalose before lyophilization]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2006 Feb;14(1):156-61. [PubMed:16584614 ]
- Shirkhanzadeh M: Microneedles coated with porous calcium phosphate ceramics: effective vehicles for transdermal delivery of solid trehalose. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2005 Jan;16(1):37-45. [PubMed:15754142 ]
- Eroglu A, Russo MJ, Bieganski R, Fowler A, Cheley S, Bayley H, Toner M: Intracellular trehalose improves the survival of cryopreserved mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2000 Feb;18(2):163-7. [PubMed:10657121 ]
- Arguelles JC, Rodriguez T, Alvarez-Peral FJ: Trehalose hydrolysis is not required for human serum-induced dimorphic transition in Candida albicans: evidence from a tps1/tps1 mutant deficient in trehalose synthesis. Res Microbiol. 1999 Oct;150(8):521-9. [PubMed:10577485 ]
- Corning BF, Murphy JC, Fox JG: Group G streptococcal lymphadenitis in rats. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Dec;29(12):2720-3. [PubMed:1757539 ]
- Davies JE, Sarkar S, Rubinsztein DC: Trehalose reduces aggregate formation and delays pathology in a transgenic mouse model of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 2006 Jan 1;15(1):23-31. Epub 2005 Nov 25. [PubMed:16311254 ]
- Ma X, Jamil K, Macrae TH, Clegg JS, Russell JM, Villeneuve TS, Euloth M, Sun Y, Crowe JH, Tablin F, Oliver AE: A small stress protein acts synergistically with trehalose to confer desiccation tolerance on mammalian cells. Cryobiology. 2005 Aug;51(1):15-28. [PubMed:15963489 ]
- Alcoba-Florez J, Mendez-Alvarez S, Cano J, Guarro J, Perez-Roth E, del Pilar Arevalo M: Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Candida nivariensis sp. nov., a possible new opportunistic fungus. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Aug;43(8):4107-11. [PubMed:16081957 ]
- Chang L, Shepherd D, Sun J, Ouellette D, Grant KL, Tang XC, Pikal MJ: Mechanism of protein stabilization by sugars during freeze-drying and storage: native structure preservation, specific interaction, and/or immobilization in a glassy matrix? J Pharm Sci. 2005 Jul;94(7):1427-44. [PubMed:15920775 ]
- Sasnoor LM, Kale VP, Limaye LS: A combination of catalase and trehalose as additives to conventional freezing medium results in improved cryoprotection of human hematopoietic cells with reference to in vitro migration and adhesion properties. Transfusion. 2005 Apr;45(4):622-33. [PubMed:15819685 ]
- Alvarez-Peral FJ, Arguelles JC: Changes in external trehalase activity during human serum-induced dimorphic transition in Candida albicans. Res Microbiol. 2000 Dec;151(10):837-43. [PubMed:11191809 ]
- Berlutti F, Thaller MC, Dainelli B, Pezzi R: T-mod pathway, a reduced sequence for identification of gram-negative urinary tract pathogens. J Clin Microbiol. 1989 Jul;27(7):1646-9. [PubMed:2768451 ]
- Kandror O, DeLeon A, Goldberg AL: Trehalose synthesis is induced upon exposure of Escherichia coli to cold and is essential for viability at low temperatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):9727-32. doi: 10.1073/pnas.142314099. Epub 2002 Jul 8. [PubMed:12105274 ]
- Habe H, Sato S, Morita T, Fukuoka T, Kirimura K, Kitamoto D: Bacterial production of short-chain organic acids and trehalose from levulinic acid: a potential cellulose-derived building block as a feedstock for microbial production. Bioresour Technol. 2015 Feb;177:381-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.048. Epub 2014 Nov 18. [PubMed:25479689 ]
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