Record Information |
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Version | 2.0 |
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Created at | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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Updated at | 2024-09-03 04:16:53 UTC |
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NP-MRD ID | NP0000012 |
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Natural Product DOI | https://doi.org/10.57994/0842 |
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Secondary Accession Numbers | None |
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Natural Product Identification |
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Common Name | Allantoin |
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Description | Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5-ureidohydantoin or glyoxyldiureide. It is a product of the oxidation of uric acid. It is also a product of purine metabolism in most mammals except for higher apes, and it is present in their urine. In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. It has long been used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. Allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash, and other oral hygiene products as well as in shampoos, lipsticks, various cosmetic lotions and creams, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. |
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Structure | InChI=1S/C4H6N4O3/c5-3(10)6-1-2(9)8-4(11)7-1/h1H,(H3,5,6,10)(H2,7,8,9,11) |
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Synonyms | Value | Source |
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(2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea | ChEBI | 2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl-urea | ChEBI | 4-Ureido-2,5-imidazolidinedione | ChEBI | 5-Ureido-2,4-imidazolidindione | ChEBI | 5-Ureidohydantoin | ChEBI | Glyoxyldiureide | ChEBI | N-(2,5-Dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl)urea | ChEBI | (S)-Allantoin | HMDB | 5-Ureido-hydantoin | HMDB | 5-Ureidohydrantoin | HMDB | Alantan | HMDB | Allantol | HMDB | Alloxantin | HMDB | AVC/Dienestrolcream | HMDB | Cordianine | HMDB | D00121 | HMDB | Fancol toin | HMDB | Glyoxyldiureid | HMDB | Glyoxylic diureide | HMDB | Psoralon | HMDB | Sebical | HMDB | Septalan | HMDB | Sween brand OF allantoin | HMDB | Herpecin-L | HMDB | HerpecinL | HMDB | Reed and carnrick brand OF allantoin | HMDB | Woun'dres | HMDB | Allantoin sween brand | HMDB | Campbell brand OF allantoin | HMDB | Allantoin campbell brand | HMDB | Herpecin L | HMDB |
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Chemical Formula | C4H6N4O3 |
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Average Mass | 158.1154 Da |
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Monoisotopic Mass | 158.04399 Da |
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IUPAC Name | (2,5-dioxoimidazolidin-4-yl)urea |
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Traditional Name | allantoin |
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CAS Registry Number | 97-59-6 |
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SMILES | NC(=O)NC1NC(=O)NC1=O |
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InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C4H6N4O3/c5-3(10)6-1-2(9)8-4(11)7-1/h1H,(H3,5,6,10)(H2,7,8,9,11) |
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InChI Key | POJWUDADGALRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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Experimental Spectra |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Ahselim | | | 2023-04-28 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-11-04 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, simulated) | Varshavi.d26 | | | 2021-10-29 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Not Available | Not Available | 2023-08-23 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, CD3OD, experimental) | bgnzk@missouri.edu | Not Available | Not Available | 2023-08-23 | View Spectrum | 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum | 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental) | Wishart Lab | Wishart Lab | David Wishart | 2021-06-20 | View Spectrum |
| Predicted Spectra |
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| Not Available | Chemical Shift Submissions |
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| Spectrum Type | Description | Depositor Email | Depositor Organization | Depositor | Deposition Date | View |
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1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, simulated) | varshavi.d26@gmail.com | Not Available | Not Available | 2021-07-25 | View Spectrum |
| Species |
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Species of Origin | |
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Species Where Detected | |
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Chemical Taxonomy |
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Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. Imidazoles are compounds containing an imidazole ring, which is an aromatic five-member ring with two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3, and three carbon atoms. |
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Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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Class | Azoles |
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Sub Class | Imidazoles |
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Direct Parent | Imidazoles |
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Alternative Parents | |
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Substituents | - Imidazole
- Isourea
- Azacycle
- Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
- Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
- Carboximidamide
- Carboximidic acid derivative
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Organonitrogen compound
- Imine
- Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
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Molecular Framework | Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds |
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External Descriptors | |
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Physical Properties |
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State | Solid |
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Experimental Properties | |
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Predicted Properties | |
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General References | - Kastenbauer S, Koedel U, Becker BF, Pfister HW: Oxidative stress in bacterial meningitis in humans. Neurology. 2002 Jan 22;58(2):186-91. [PubMed:11805243 ]
- Lagendijk J, Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJ: The determination of allantoin, a possible indicator of oxidant status, in human plasma. J Chromatogr Sci. 1995 Apr;33(4):186-93. [PubMed:7738135 ]
- Goldman SC, Holcenberg JS, Finklestein JZ, Hutchinson R, Kreissman S, Johnson FL, Tou C, Harvey E, Morris E, Cairo MS: A randomized comparison between rasburicase and allopurinol in children with lymphoma or leukemia at high risk for tumor lysis. Blood. 2001 May 15;97(10):2998-3003. [PubMed:11342423 ]
- Kand'ar R, Zakova P, Muzakova V: Monitoring of antioxidant properties of uric acid in humans for a consideration measuring of levels of allantoin in plasma by liquid chromatography. Clin Chim Acta. 2006 Mar;365(1-2):249-56. Epub 2005 Sep 27. [PubMed:16194528 ]
- Pavitt DV, de Fonseka S, Al-Khalaf N, Cam JM, Reaveley DA: Assay of serum allantoin in humans by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta. 2002 Apr;318(1-2):63-70. [PubMed:11880113 ]
- Alfazema LN, Howells S, Perrett D: Determination of allantoin in biofluids using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 1998 Aug 21;817(1-2):345-52. [PubMed:9764504 ]
- Becker BF, Kastenbauer S, Kodel U, Kiesl D, Pfister HW: Urate oxidation in CSF and blood of patients with inflammatory disorders of the nervous system. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids. 2004 Oct;23(8-9):1201-4. [PubMed:15571231 ]
- Grootveld M, Halliwell B: Measurement of allantoin and uric acid in human body fluids. A potential index of free-radical reactions in vivo? Biochem J. 1987 May 1;243(3):803-8. [PubMed:3663100 ]
- Fernandes J, de Amorim GC, da Veiga TE, Cardoso J, Arruda AC, Arruda MSP, Castelo-Branco MTL: Allantoin reduces cell death induced by cisplatin: possible implications for tumor lysis syndrome management. J Biol Inorg Chem. 2019 Jun;24(4):547-562. doi: 10.1007/s00775-019-01661-6. Epub 2019 Apr 27. [PubMed:31030325 ]
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