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Showing NP-Card for Pterin (NP0001289)

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Record Information
Version2.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2024-09-17 15:44:46 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0001289
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NamePterin
DescriptionPterin is a chemical compound composed of a pyrazine ring and a pyrimidine ring; the pyrimidine ring has a carbonyl oxygen and an amino group. Several tautomers of pterin exist and are shown below. Pterin belongs to the pteridine family of heterocycles. -- Wikipedia.
Structure
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MOL3D MOLSDF3D SDFPDB3D PDBSMILESInChI

MOL for NP0001289 (Pterin)

Pyridinoline.mol
  Mrv1652305271900272D          

 12 13  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.3572   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7862   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    0.4125    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7862    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7862   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  5  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  2  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  2  0  0  0  0
  7 12  1  0  0  0  0
  1 12  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
Download

3D MOL for NP0001289 (Pterin)

HMDB0000802
     RDKit          3D
Pterin
 17 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.2931   -0.4536   -0.2126 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9139   -0.1416   -0.0583 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9302   -0.9460   -0.4910 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3754   -0.6710   -0.3557 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3546   -1.4968   -0.7997 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6586   -1.2067   -0.6564 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0387   -0.0283   -0.0366 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0554    0.8034    0.4105 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7602    0.4991    0.2597 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2635    1.3357    0.7097 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1009    2.3930    1.2656 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5580    1.0079    0.5464 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8002   -1.0696    0.4570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7973   -0.0513   -1.0173 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4572   -1.8654   -1.0106 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0735    0.2508    0.1030 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3184    1.6403    0.8864 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  2  0
 10 12  1  0
 12  2  1  0
  9  4  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
 12 17  1  0
M  END
Download

3D SDF for NP0001289 (Pterin)

Pyridinoline.mol
  Mrv1652305271900272D          

 12 13  0  0  0  0            999 V2000
   -0.3572   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.7862   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.0717    0.0000    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    0.4125    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3572    1.2375    0.0000 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717    0.4125    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7862    0.0000    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.7862   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.0717   -1.2375    0.0000 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.3572   -0.8250    0.0000 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  2  0  0  0  0
  2  3  1  0  0  0  0
  2  4  1  0  0  0  0
  4  5  1  0  0  0  0
  5  6  2  0  0  0  0
  5  7  1  0  0  0  0
  7  8  2  0  0  0  0
  8  9  1  0  0  0  0
  9 10  2  0  0  0  0
 10 11  1  0  0  0  0
 11 12  2  0  0  0  0
  7 12  1  0  0  0  0
  1 12  1  0  0  0  0
M  END
> <DATABASE_ID>
NP0001289

> <DATABASE_NAME>
NP-MRD

> <SMILES>
NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1

> <INCHI_IDENTIFIER>
InChI=1S/C6H5N5O/c7-6-10-4-3(5(12)11-6)8-1-2-9-4/h1-2H,(H3,7,9,10,11,12)

> <INCHI_KEY>
HNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N

> <FORMULA>
C6H5N5O

> <MOLECULAR_WEIGHT>
163.1368

> <EXACT_MASS>
163.049409807

> <JCHEM_ACCEPTOR_COUNT>
5

> <JCHEM_ATOM_COUNT>
17

> <JCHEM_AVERAGE_POLARIZABILITY>
14.462088316670206

> <JCHEM_BIOAVAILABILITY>
1

> <JCHEM_DONOR_COUNT>
2

> <JCHEM_FORMAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_GHOSE_FILTER>
0

> <JCHEM_IUPAC>
2-amino-3,4-dihydropteridin-4-one

> <ALOGPS_LOGP>
-0.86

> <JCHEM_LOGP>
-0.9579753639999999

> <ALOGPS_LOGS>
-2.04

> <JCHEM_MDDR_LIKE_RULE>
0

> <JCHEM_NUMBER_OF_RINGS>
2

> <JCHEM_PHYSIOLOGICAL_CHARGE>
0

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_ACIDIC>
10.00297953422296

> <JCHEM_PKA_STRONGEST_BASIC>
-1.8244959899706

> <JCHEM_POLAR_SURFACE_AREA>
93.25999999999999

> <JCHEM_REFRACTIVITY>
41.8164

> <JCHEM_ROTATABLE_BOND_COUNT>
0

> <JCHEM_RULE_OF_FIVE>
1

> <ALOGPS_SOLUBILITY>
1.49e+00 g/l

> <JCHEM_TRADITIONAL_IUPAC>
2-amino-4-oxopteridine

> <JCHEM_VEBER_RULE>
0

$$$$
Download

3D-SDF for NP0001289 (Pterin)

HMDB0000802
     RDKit          3D
Pterin
 17 18  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0999 V2000
    3.2931   -0.4536   -0.2126 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.9139   -0.1416   -0.0583 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.9302   -0.9460   -0.4910 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.3754   -0.6710   -0.3557 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -1.3546   -1.4968   -0.7997 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.6586   -1.2067   -0.6564 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.0387   -0.0283   -0.0366 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -2.0554    0.8034    0.4105 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.7602    0.4991    0.2597 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    0.2635    1.3357    0.7097 C   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -0.1009    2.3930    1.2656 O   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    1.5580    1.0079    0.5464 N   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.8002   -1.0696    0.4570 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    3.7973   -0.0513   -1.0173 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -3.4572   -1.8654   -1.0106 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
   -4.0735    0.2508    0.1030 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
    2.3184    1.6403    0.8864 H   0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0
  1  2  1  0
  2  3  2  0
  3  4  1  0
  4  5  2  0
  5  6  1  0
  6  7  2  0
  7  8  1  0
  8  9  2  0
  9 10  1  0
 10 11  2  0
 10 12  1  0
 12  2  1  0
  9  4  1  0
  1 13  1  0
  1 14  1  0
  6 15  1  0
  7 16  1  0
 12 17  1  0
M  END
Download

PDB for NP0001289 (Pterin)

HEADER    PROTEIN                                 27-MAY-19   NONE
TITLE     NULL                                                        
COMPND    MOLECULE: Pyridinoline.mol                                  
SOURCE    NULL                                                        
KEYWDS    NULL                                                        
EXPDTA    NULL                                                        
AUTHOR    Marvin                                                      
REVDAT   1   27-MAY-19         0                                  
HETATM    1  N   UNK     0      -0.667  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    2  C   UNK     0      -2.001  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    3  N   UNK     0      -3.334  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    4  N   UNK     0      -2.001   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    5  C   UNK     0      -0.667   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    6  O   UNK     0      -0.667   2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           O+0
HETATM    7  C   UNK     0       0.667   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM    8  N   UNK     0       2.001   0.770   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM    9  C   UNK     0       3.334   0.000   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   10  C   UNK     0       3.334  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
HETATM   11  N   UNK     0       2.001  -2.310   0.000  0.00  0.00           N+0
HETATM   12  C   UNK     0       0.667  -1.540   0.000  0.00  0.00           C+0
CONECT    1    2   12                                                       
CONECT    2    1    3    4                                                  
CONECT    3    2                                                            
CONECT    4    2    5                                                       
CONECT    5    4    6    7                                                  
CONECT    6    5                                                            
CONECT    7    5    8   12                                                  
CONECT    8    7    9                                                       
CONECT    9    8   10                                                       
CONECT   10    9   11                                                       
CONECT   11   10   12                                                       
CONECT   12   11    7    1                                                  
MASTER        0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0   12    0   26    0
END
Download

3D PDB for NP0001289 (Pterin)

COMPND    HMDB0000802
HETATM    1  N1  UNL     1       3.293  -0.454  -0.213  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    2  C1  UNL     1       1.914  -0.142  -0.058  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    3  N2  UNL     1       0.930  -0.946  -0.491  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    4  C2  UNL     1      -0.375  -0.671  -0.356  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    5  N3  UNL     1      -1.355  -1.497  -0.800  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    6  C3  UNL     1      -2.659  -1.207  -0.656  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    7  C4  UNL     1      -3.039  -0.028  -0.037  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM    8  N4  UNL     1      -2.055   0.803   0.411  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM    9  C5  UNL     1      -0.760   0.499   0.260  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   10  C6  UNL     1       0.264   1.336   0.710  1.00  0.00           C  
HETATM   11  O1  UNL     1      -0.101   2.393   1.266  1.00  0.00           O  
HETATM   12  N5  UNL     1       1.558   1.008   0.546  1.00  0.00           N  
HETATM   13  H1  UNL     1       3.800  -1.070   0.457  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   14  H2  UNL     1       3.797  -0.051  -1.017  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   15  H3  UNL     1      -3.457  -1.865  -1.011  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   16  H4  UNL     1      -4.074   0.251   0.103  1.00  0.00           H  
HETATM   17  H5  UNL     1       2.318   1.640   0.886  1.00  0.00           H  
CONECT    1    2   13   14
CONECT    2    3    3   12
CONECT    3    4
CONECT    4    5    5    9
CONECT    5    6
CONECT    6    7    7   15
CONECT    7    8   16
CONECT    8    9    9
CONECT    9   10
CONECT   10   11   11   12
CONECT   12   17
END
Download

SMILES for NP0001289 (Pterin)

NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1
Download

INCHI for NP0001289 (Pterin)

InChI=1S/C6H5N5O/c7-6-10-4-3(5(12)11-6)8-1-2-9-4/h1-2H,(H3,7,9,10,11,12)
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View in JSmolView NMR Assignments
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Amino-4-hydroxypteridineChEBI
2-Amino-4-oxopteridineKegg
2-Amino-1H-pteridin-4-oneHMDB
2-Amino-3H-pteridin-4-oneHMDB
2-Amino-4(1H)-pteridinoneHMDB
2-Amino-4(3H)-pteridinoneHMDB
2-Amino-4-pteridinolHMDB
2-Amino-4-pteridoneHMDB
2-Amino-quinonoid dihydropterinHMDB
2-Aminopteridin-4-oneHMDB
4-oxo-2-AminopteridineHMDB
4-OxopterinHMDB
PteridoxamineHMDB
PterineHMDB
2-Amino-4-hydroxyaminopteridineHMDB
AHAPTHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H5N5O
Average Mass163.1368 Da
Monoisotopic Mass163.04941 Da
IUPAC Name2-amino-3,4-dihydropteridin-4-one
Traditional Name2-amino-4-oxopteridine
CAS Registry Number2236-60-4
SMILES
NC1=NC2=NC=CN=C2C(=O)N1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H5N5O/c7-6-10-4-3(5(12)11-6)8-1-2-9-4/h1-2H,(H3,7,9,10,11,12)
InChI KeyHNXQXTQTPAJEJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor IDDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 25 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 252 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 50 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 75 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 101 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 126 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 151 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 176 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 201 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 226 MHz, D2O, predicted)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
Centranthus spp.KNApSAcK Database
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Glycine maxFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Morpho sulkowskyiLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Valeriana condamoanaKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana jatamansiKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana micropterinaKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana officinalisKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana priophyllaKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana pulchellaKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana sorbifoliaKNApSAcK Database
Valeriana spp.KNApSAcK Database
Valeriana wallichiKNApSAcK Database
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pterins and derivatives. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a pterin moiety, which consist of a pteridine ring bearing a ketone and an amine group to form 2-aminopteridin-4(3H)-one.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassPteridines and derivatives
Sub ClassPterins and derivatives
Direct ParentPterins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pterin
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrazine
  • Pyrimidine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Azacycle
  • Amine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.18 mg/mLNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.49 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.86ALOGPS
logP-0.96ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area93.26 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity41.82 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.46 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000802
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB005613
KNApSAcK IDC00003101
Chemspider ID65806
KEGG Compound IDC00715
BioCyc ID2-AMINO-4-HYDROXYPTERIDINE
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPterin
METLIN ID5766
PubChem Compound73000
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID18265
Good Scents IDrw1279311
References
General References
  1. Bonafe L, Thony B, Penzien JM, Czarnecki B, Blau N: Mutations in the sepiapterin reductase gene cause a novel tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent monoamine-neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):269-77. Epub 2001 Jul 6. [PubMed:11443547 ]
  2. Dhondt JL, Cotton RG, Danks DM: Liver enzyme activities in hyperphenylalaninaemia due to a defective synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8(2):47-8. [PubMed:3939528 ]
  3. Kaufman S, Kapatos G, Rizzo WB, Schulman JD, Tamarkin L, Van Loon GR: Tetrahydropterin therapy for hyperphenylalaninemia caused by defective synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin. Ann Neurol. 1983 Sep;14(3):308-15. [PubMed:6139056 ]
  4. Katoh S, Sueoka T, Matsuura S, Sugimoto T: Biopterin and neopterin in human saliva. Life Sci. 1989;45(26):2561-8. [PubMed:2615555 ]
  5. Dhondt JL, Tilmont P, Ringel J, Farriaux JP: Pterins analysis in amniotic fluid for the prenatal diagnosis of GTP cyclohydrolase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1990;13(6):879-82. [PubMed:2079836 ]
  6. Bonafe L, Thony B, Leimbacher W, Kierat L, Blau N: Diagnosis of dopa-responsive dystonia and other tetrahydrobiopterin disorders by the study of biopterin metabolism in fibroblasts. Clin Chem. 2001 Mar;47(3):477-85. [PubMed:11238300 ]
  7. Krumdieck CL, Fukushima K, Fukushima T, Shiota T, Butterworth CE Jr: A long-term study of the excretion of folate and pterins in a human subject after ingestion of 14C folic acid, with observations on the effect of diphenylhydantoin administration. Am J Clin Nutr. 1978 Jan;31(1):88-93. [PubMed:413430 ]
  8. Han F, Huynh BH, Shi H, Lin B, Ma Y: Pteridine analysis in urine by capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal Chem. 1999 Apr 1;71(7):1265-9. [PubMed:10204031 ]
  9. Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, Takahashi S, Tsutsumi Z, Yamakita J, Nasako Y, Hiroishi K, Higashino K: Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Jun 7;681(2):395-400. [PubMed:8811453 ]
  10. Beckman JS, Parks DA, Pearson JD, Marshall PA, Freeman BA: A sensitive fluorometric assay for measuring xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in tissues. Free Radic Biol Med. 1989;6(6):607-15. [PubMed:2753392 ]
  11. Gordon JH, Perry KO: Pre- and postsynaptic neurochemical alterations following estrogen-induced striatal dopamine hypo- and hypersensitivity. Brain Res Bull. 1983 Apr;10(4):425-8. [PubMed:6134572 ]
  12. Stupperich E: Recent advances in elucidation of biological corrinoid functions. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1993 Nov;12(4):349-65. [PubMed:8268006 ]
  13. Niederwieser A, Blau N, Wang M, Joller P, Atares M, Cardesa-Garcia J: GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency, a new enzyme defect causing hyperphenylalaninemia with neopterin, biopterin, dopamine, and serotonin deficiencies and muscular hypotonia. Eur J Pediatr. 1984 Feb;141(4):208-14. [PubMed:6734669 ]
  14. Blau N, Kierat L, Matasovic A, Leimbacher W, Heizmann CW, Guardamagna O, Ponzone A: Antenatal diagnosis of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency by quantification of pterins in amniotic fluid and enzyme activity in fetal and extrafetal tissue. Clin Chim Acta. 1994 May;226(2):159-69. [PubMed:7923811 ]
  15. Rokos H, Beazley WD, Schallreuter KU: Oxidative stress in vitiligo: photo-oxidation of pterins produces H(2)O(2) and pterin-6-carboxylic acid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Apr 12;292(4):805-11. [PubMed:11944885 ]