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Record Information
Version1.0
Created at2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Updated at2021-10-07 20:39:29 UTC
NP-MRD IDNP0001055
Secondary Accession NumbersNone
Natural Product Identification
Common NameD-Ribose
DescriptionD-Ribose, commonly referred to as simply ribose, is a five-carbon sugar found in all living cells. Ribose is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized by almost every tissue in the body from other substances, such as glucose. It is vital for life as a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, and AMP. In nature, small amounts of ribose can be found in ripe fruits and vegetables. Brewer's yeast, which has a high concentration of RNA, is another rich source of ribose. D-ribose is also a component of many so-called energy drinks and anti-ageing products available on the market today. Ribose is a structural component of ATP, which is the primary energy source for exercising muscle. The adenosine component is an adenine base attached to the five-carbon sugar ribose. ATP provides energy to working muscles by releasing a phosphate group, hence becoming ADP, which in turn may release a phosphate group, then becoming AMP. During intense muscular activity, the total amount of ATP available is quickly depleted. In an effort to correct this imbalance, AMP is broken down in the muscle and secreted from the cell. Once the breakdown products of AMP are released from the cell, the energy potential (TAN pool) of the muscle is reduced and ATP must then be reformed using ribose. Ribose helps restore the level of adenine nucleotides by bypassing the rate-limiting step in the de novo (oxidative pentose phosphate) pathway, which regenerates phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP), the essential precursor for ATP. If ribose is not readily available to a cell, glucose may be converted to ribose. Ribose supplementation has been shown to increase the rate of ATP resynthesis following intense exercise. The use of ribose in men with severe coronary artery disease resulted in improved exercise tolerance. Hence, there is interest in the potential of ribose supplements to boost muscular performance in athletic activities (PMID: 17618002 , Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.).
Structure
Thumb
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3R,4S,5R)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2,3,4-triolChEBI
RiboseChEBI
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a222h-1x_1-4]/1/ChEBI
D-RibofuranosideHMDB
D-​RibofuranoseHMDB
RibofuranosideHMDB
RibofuranoseHMDB
Chemical FormulaC5H10O5
Average Mass150.1299 Da
Monoisotopic Mass150.05282 Da
IUPAC Name(3R,4S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol
Traditional NameD-ribofuranoside
CAS Registry Number613-83-2
SMILES
OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C5H10O5/c6-1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)10-2/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5?/m1/s1
InChI KeyHMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N
Experimental Spectra
Spectrum TypeDescriptionDepositor EmailDepositor OrganizationDepositorDeposition DateView
1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)Wishart LabWishart LabDavid Wishart2021-06-20View Spectrum
Predicted Spectra
Not Available
Chemical Shift Submissions
Not Available
Species
Species of Origin
Species NameSourceReference
Allium cepaFooDB
Anas platyrhynchosFooDB
AnatidaeFooDB
Anser anserFooDB
Arabidopsis thalianaPlant
Artemisia dracunculusFooDB
Averrhoa carambolaKNApSAcK Database
Bison bisonFooDB
Bos taurusFooDB
Bos taurus X Bison bisonFooDB
Bubalus bubalisFooDB
Capra aegagrus hircusFooDB
CervidaeFooDB
Cervus canadensisFooDB
Codonopsis pilosulaPlant
ColumbaFooDB
ColumbidaeFooDB
Dromaius novaehollandiaeFooDB
Equus caballusFooDB
Gallus gallusFooDB
Lagopus mutaFooDB
LeporidaeFooDB
Lepus timidusFooDB
Melanitta fuscaFooDB
Meleagris gallopavoFooDB
Mycoplasmopsis bovisLOTUS Database
Numida meleagrisFooDB
OdocoileusFooDB
OryctolagusFooDB
Ovis ariesFooDB
PhasianidaeFooDB
Phasianus colchicusFooDB
Phoenix dactyliferaFooDB
Prunus aviumPlant
Psidium guajavaPlant
Solanum lycopersicumFooDB
Struthio camelusFooDB
Sus scrofaFooDB
Sus scrofa domesticaFooDB
Triticum aestivumPlant
Vigna radiataFooDB
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pentoses. These are monosaccharides in which the carbohydrate moiety contains five carbon atoms.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentPentoses
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point95 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogP-2.32Hansch CH, Leo A and Hoekman DH. "Exploring QSAR: Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constraints. Volume 1" ACS Publications (1995).
Predicted Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1070 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logP-2.3ChemAxon
logS0.85ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.31ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count5ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area90.15 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity29.96 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability13.68 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
HMDB IDHMDB0000283
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FoodDB IDFDB031292
KNApSAcK IDC00053746
Chemspider ID5575
KEGG Compound IDC00121
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID33936
Wikipedia LinkRibose
METLIN ID313
PubChem Compound5779
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID47013
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Drel VR, Pacher P, Stevens MJ, Obrosova IG: Aldose reductase inhibition counteracts nitrosative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic rat kidney and high-glucose-exposed human mesangial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Apr 15;40(8):1454-65. Epub 2006 Jan 31. [PubMed:16631535 ]
  3. Dancis J, Lee J, Mendoza S, Liebes L: Nucleoside transport by perfused human placenta. Placenta. 1993 Sep-Oct;14(5):547-54. [PubMed:8290494 ]
  4. Quadrilatero J, Rush JW: Increased DNA fragmentation and altered apoptotic protein levels in skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Oct;101(4):1149-61. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [PubMed:16778006 ]
  5. Carloto A, Costas MJ, Cameselle JC, McLennan AG, Ribeiro JM: The specific, submicromolar-Km ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase purified from human placenta is enzymically indistinguishable from recombinant NUDT9 protein, including a selectivity for Mn2+ as activating cation and increase in Km for ADP-ribose, both elicited by H2O2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Oct;1760(10):1545-51. Epub 2006 Jun 9. [PubMed:16860484 ]
  6. Genovese T, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Muia C, Crisafulli C, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S: ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS LIGANDS FOR THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR alpha IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED LUNG INJURY. Shock. 2005 Dec;24(6):547-55. [PubMed:16317386 ]
  7. Abe H, Tanuma S: Properties of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase purified from pig testis nuclei. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Dec 1;336(1):139-46. [PubMed:8951044 ]
  8. Augustin A, Muller-Steffner H, Schuber F: Molecular cloning and functional expression of bovine spleen ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase: structural identity with human CD38. Biochem J. 2000 Jan 1;345 Pt 1:43-52. [PubMed:10600637 ]
  9. Dodd SL, Johnson CA, Fernholz K, St Cyr JA: The role of ribose in human skeletal muscle metabolism. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(5):819-24. [PubMed:15082114 ]
  10. Cheng C, Zochodne DW: Sensory neurons with activated caspase-3 survive long-term experimental diabetes. Diabetes. 2003 Sep;52(9):2363-71. [PubMed:12941777 ]
  11. Szabo E, Virag L, Bakondi E, Gyure L, Hasko G, Bai P, Hunyadi J, Gergely P, Szabo C: Peroxynitrite production, DNA breakage, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in a mouse model of oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Jul;117(1):74-80. [PubMed:11442752 ]
  12. Jacobson EL, Giacomoni PU, Roberts MJ, Wondrak GT, Jacobson MK: Optimizing the energy status of skin cells during solar radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2001 Oct;63(1-3):141-7. [PubMed:11684461 ]
  13. Wurzer G, Herceg Z, Wesierska-Gadek J: Increased resistance to anticancer therapy of mouse cells lacking the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase attributable to up-regulation of the multidrug resistance gene product P-glycoprotein. Cancer Res. 2000 Aug 1;60(15):4238-44. [PubMed:10945636 ]
  14. Okamoto H: The Reg gene family and Reg proteins: with special attention to the regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 1999;6(3):254-62. [PubMed:10526060 ]
  15. McNealy T, Frey M, Trojan L, Knoll T, Alken P, Michel MS: Intrinsic presence of poly (ADP-ribose) is significantly increased in malignant prostate compared to benign prostate cell lines. Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2B):1473-8. [PubMed:12820412 ]
  16. Alexy T, Toth A, Marton Z, Horvath B, Koltai K, Feher G, Kesmarky G, Kalai T, Hideg K, Sumegi B, Toth K: Inhibition of ADP-evoked platelet aggregation by selected poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;43(3):423-31. [PubMed:15076227 ]
  17. Jiang Q, Wong J, Fyrst H, Saba JD, Ames BN: gamma-Tocopherol or combinations of vitamin E forms induce cell death in human prostate cancer cells by interrupting sphingolipid synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 21;101(51):17825-30. Epub 2004 Dec 13. [PubMed:15596715 ]
  18. Toth O, Szabo C, Kecskes M, Poto L, Nagy A, Losonczy H: In vitro effect of the potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor INO-1001 alone and in combination with aspirin, eptifibatide, tirofiban, enoxaparin or alteplase on haemostatic parameters. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 20;79(4):317-23. Epub 2006 Feb 9. [PubMed:16480745 ]
  19. Wall KA, Klis M, Kornet J, Coyle D, Ame JC, Jacobson MK, Slama JT: Inhibition of the intrinsic NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of CD38 by carbocyclic NAD analogues. Biochem J. 1998 Nov 1;335 ( Pt 3):631-6. [PubMed:9794804 ]
  20. Tamagno E, Parola M, Bardini P, Piccini A, Borghi R, Guglielmotto M, Santoro G, Davit A, Danni O, Smith MA, Perry G, Tabaton M: Beta-site APP cleaving enzyme up-regulation induced by 4-hydroxynonenal is mediated by stress-activated protein kinases pathways. J Neurochem. 2005 Feb;92(3):628-36. [PubMed:15659232 ]
  21. Boros LG, Steinkamp MP, Fleming JC, Lee WN, Cascante M, Neufeld EJ: Defective RNA ribose synthesis in fibroblasts from patients with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA). Blood. 2003 Nov 15;102(10):3556-61. Epub 2003 Jul 31. [PubMed:12893755 ]
  22. Takeda Y, Usukura M, Yoneda T, Oda N, Ito Y, Mabuchi H: The expression of messenger RNA for ADP-ribosyl cyclase in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Apr;62(4):504-8. [PubMed:15807884 ]
  23. Thomas D, Yang H, Boffa DJ, Ding R, Sharma VK, Lagman M, Li B, Hering B, Mohanakumar T, Lakey J, Kapur S, Hancock WW, Suthanthiran M: Proapoptotic Bax is hyperexpressed in isolated human islets compared with antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Transplantation. 2002 Dec 15;74(11):1489-96. [PubMed:12490780 ]
  24. Dhanoa TS, Housner JA: Ribose: more than a simple sugar? Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7. [PubMed:17618002 ]